Solve the simultaneous equation:
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Proposition. If 0<r<1 and r<s, then
I(r,s):=∫1−11x1+x1−x−−−−−√log(1+2rsx+(r2+s2−1)x21−2rsx+(r2+s2−1)x2)dx=4πarcsinr.(1)
Assuming this proposition, all that we have to do is to solve the non-linear system of equations
2rs=2andr2+s2−1=2.
The unique solution satisfying the condition of the proposition is r=ϕ−1 and s=ϕ. So by (1) we have
∫1−11x1+x1−x−−−−−√log(1+2x+2x21−2x+2x2)dx=I(ϕ−1,ϕ)=4πarcsin(ϕ−1)=4πarccotϕ−−√.
Thus it remains to prove the proposition.
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