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Answers
Q3) a - An element is a substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons: another way of saying this is that all of a particular element's atoms have the same atomic number. Elements are chemically the simplest substances and hence cannot be broken down using chemical reactions.
b - a compound is a substance that consists of two or more elements. Organic compounds contain carbon in their molecules. Synonyms: combination, mixture, blend, composite More Synonyms of compound.
Q4) One mole is defined as the amount of substance of a system which contains as many entities like, atoms, molecules and ions as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon - 12". The number of the particles present in one mole of any substance = 6.022x10 23. This is called avogadro's number or Avogadro's constant.
Q7) Characteristics / Properties of Homologous series :-
1. It can be represented by the same general formula.
2. It have the same functional group.
3. The successive members differ in their molecular formula by --CH2-- group, they differ in molecular weight by 14 units.
4. It can be prepared by similar chemical methods.
5. They show similar chemical properties.
6. They show graduation in physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, density or solubility.
Q8) Carbanion a positively charged organic ion in which most of the positive charge is localized on a carbon atom
An organic ion containing a positively charged carbon atom (opposed to carbanion ).
Carbonium ion is (CR5)+ while carbenium ion is (CR3)+.
Carbonium ion has 8e- in outermost orbit while carbenium ion has 6e- in outer orbit with empty p orbital.
Q9) a - 17.03052 g/mol b - 60 g/mol c - 180 g/mol
Q11) In picture
Q12)
a - In chemistry, the law of definite proportion, sometimes called Proust's law or the law of definite composition, or law of constant composition states that a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio and does not depend on its source and method of preparation.
b - Avogadro's law is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law. A modern statement is: Avogadro's law states that "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules."
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