some bacteria live in the digestive tract of herbivores. Do you agree with this statement?Why? Give reasons
Answers
Answer:
Many mammalian species survive on a diet composed solely of plant material. This is despite mammals not encoding the enzymes necessary to fully digest the plants, particularly the plant cell wall. Instead, the animals depend on microbes present in their digestive tract. This is a symbiotic relationship, as the microbes are provided with a regular supply of nutrients and a thermostable environment. In return, the host animal uses many of the metabolites produced by the microbes as sources of energy.
The exact nature of this relationship varies between different host animals, both in terms of the microbes involved, but also in terms of organs, which are the principal sites of microbial digestion. Some animals have their major source of microbial digestion, or fermentation, in the foregut (e.g. ruminants and camelids) while others are hindgut fermenters (e.g. horses and rabbits). In terms of the microbial community present, all of these mammals have bacteria as the most abundant organisms. However, it is also known that in some animals (e.g. ruminants and horses) there is also a considerable eukaryotic community found in the digestive tract; mainly anaerobic fungi and ciliated protozoa.
The fungi and protozoa
The fungal population was the last of these to be described, partly because it had previously been believed that all fungi were aerobic, and partly because the fungal spores were thought to be forms of protozoa. Moreover, there are relatively few (around 10–12) species of fungi found within the rumen, meaning they are the least diverse group of organisms, and they continue to be most poorly studied. These fungi are widely distributed across ruminant species and many hindgut-fermenting species such as horses and elephants, but are absent from organisms such as rabbits. Where they are present it is thought that they play a role in the early colonisation of plant material, and help to produce weaknesses in the plant cell wall, which allows other microbes to gain access to, and start to digest the plant cells.
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Answer:
Yes, I agree with this statement because herbivores animals eat plants and plants have cellulose as a form of starch and to digest this they have certain kind of bacteria living in their digestive tract or in a special part of their digestive system called caecum.
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