Question

Somebody plz send me the notes of chapter 2 acid, Bases and salts class 10 chemistry. ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Notes.

An acid is defined as a substance whose water solution tastes sour, turns blue litmus red and neutralizes bases

A substance is called base if its aqueous solution tastes bitter, turns red litmus blue or neutralizes acids.

Salt is a neutral substance whose aqueous solution does not affect litmus.

Acid and Bases

Some Naturally occuring acids

• Vinegar – Acetic Acid
• Orange – Citric Acid
• Lemon – Citric Acid
• Tamarind – Tartaric Acid
• Tomato – Oxalic Acid
• Sour milk (Curd) – Lactic Acid
• Ant and Nettle sting – Methanoic Acid

1. Acid – Base Indicators – Indicate the presence of an acid or base in a solution.
2. Litmus solution – It is a natural indicator. It is a purple day extracted from Lichens. Other examples are Red Cabbage and coloured petals of Petunia and turmeric.
3. Olfactory indicators – Show odour changes in acidic or basic media. eg. onion and clove.
4. Dilute Acid : Contains only a small amounts of acid and a large amount of water.
5. Concentrated Acid : A concentrated acid contains a large amount of acid and a small amount of water.

Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases

• Acid + Metal forms Salt + Hydrogen

Pop test : When a burning candle is brought near a test tube containing hydrogen gas it burns with a ‘Pop’ sound. This test is conducted for examining the presence of hydrogen gas.

• Base + Metal --> Salt + Hydrogen

exceptions. NaOH + Zn --> Na2ZnO2 + H2

Na2ZnO2 - Sodium Zincate

Note – Such reactions are not possible with all the metals.

Strength of an Acid or Base

Strength of acids and bases depends on the no. of H+ions and OH–ions produced respectively.

With the help of a universal indicator we can find the strength of an acid or base. This indicator is called PH scale.

pH = Potenz in German means power.

This scale measures from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline) 7 Neutral (water in Neutral).

pH paper : Is a paper which is used for measuring PH.

– strong Acids give rise to more H+ions.

eg. HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3.

– Weak Acids give rise to less H+ ions

eg. CH3 COOH, H2 CO3 (Carbonic acid)

– Strong Bases give rise to more OH– ions.

eg. NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2

– Weak Bases give rise to less OH– ions.

eg. NH4OH.

Importance of pH in our daily life

• Importance of pH in our digestive system – pH level of our body regulates our digestive system. In case of indigestion our stomach produces acid in a very large quantity because of which we feel pain and irritation in our stomach.
• To get relief from this pain antacids are used. These antacids neutralises the excess acid and we get relief.
• pH of Acid Rain : When pH of rain water is less than 5.6 it is called Acid Rain.When this acidic rain flows into rivers these also get acidic, which causes a threat to the survival of aquatic life.
• pH of Soil : Plants require a specific range of pH for their healthy growth. If pH of soil of any particular place is less or more than normal than the farmers add suitable fertilizers to it.
• Our body functions between the range of 7.0 to 7.8 living organisms can survive only in the narrow range of pH change.
• Tooth decay and pH : Bacteria present in the mouth produce acids by degredation of sugar and food particles remaining in themouth. Using toothpaste which is generally basic can neutralise the excess acid and prevent tooth decay.
• Bee sting or Nettle sting contains methanoic acid which causes pain and irritation. When we use a weak base like baking soda on it we get relief.

Salts

Neutral Salts :

Strong Acid + Strong base

pH value is 7

eg. NaCl, CaSO4

Acidic Salt :

Strong Acid + weak base

pH value is less than 7

eq. NH4Cl, NH4 NO3

Basic Salts :

Strong base + weak acid

pH value is more than 7

eg. CaCO3, CH3 Corona

Chemicals from Common Salt

– Sodium chloride is called as common salt used in our food. It is derived from seawater.

– Rock Salt is the brown coloured large crystals. This s mined like coal.

– Common Salt is an important raw material for many materials of daily use such as :

Sodium hydroxide ;

Washing Soda ;

Bleaching Powder.

Hope it is helpful

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Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

The notes of acid base and salts are given here.