Question

Space environment and its challenges essay

Answer 1

Answer:

Scientists and engineers have developed advanced materials for manned spacecraft

and satellites for a range of sophisticated applications in space exploration,

transportation, global positioning and communication. The materials used on the

exterior of spacecraft are subjected to many environmental threats that can degrade

many materials and components. These threats include vacuum, solar ultraviolet

(UV) radiation, charged particle (ionizing) radiation, plasma, surface charging and

arcing, temperature extremes, thermal cycling, impacts from micrometeoroids and

orbital debris (MMOD), and environment‑induced contamination. In terms of

materials degradation in space, the low-Earth orbit (LEO) environment, defined

as 200-1,000 km above Earth’s surface, is a particularly harsh environment for

most non-metallic materials, because single-oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen [AO])

are present along with all other environmental components (Yang and de Groh,

2010). Space environmental threats to spacecraft components vary greatly, based

on the component materials, thicknesses and stress levels. Also to be considered

are the mission duration and the specific mission environment, including orbital

parameters for the mission, the solar cycle and solar events, view angle of spacecraft

surfaces to the sun and orientation of spacecraft surfaces with respect to the

spacecraft velocity vector in LEO (Dever et al., 2005).

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Answer 2

Space environment and it's challenges

• Introduction : The space or the outer space is a never ending and almost empty zone, around our planet. The outer space environment is full of hazards and dangerous problems which are experienced during the space exploration missions.

• Space environment : The space environment is mostly empty,full of darkness, completely vaccum, filled with harmful radiation and the gravity is almost null in the outer space. The different celestial bodies, meteorites and debris are another significant elements of the outer space environment.

• Challenges : The previously mentioned elements of the outer space environment, are also the challenges of the outer space environment. The vaccum of the outer space environment will cause problems in the process of human respiration.The gravity is almost zero in the outer space,so all the basic works which are related to the gravity will be disturbed.The radiation,debris, darkness are some other challenges of the outer space.

• Conclusion : As a conclusion, we can say that the environment of the outer space is full of dangers and challenges. But,with the help of the modern science and technology,we had already solved the most of the problems.