specific charge of electron experiment
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J.J. Thomson's experiment and the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron
The first is the experiment of Joseph John Thomson, who first demonstrated that atoms are actually composed of aggregates of charged particles. Prior to his work, it was believed that atoms were the fundamental building blocks of matter. The first evidence contrary to this notion came when people began studying the properties of atoms in large electric fields.
If a gas sample is introduced into the region between two charged plates, a current flow can be observed, suggesting that the atoms have been broken down into charged constituents. The source of these charged particles is a heated cathode that, in fact, causes the atoms of the sample to ionize. These were known as cathode rays. In 1897, Thomson set out to prove that the cathode rays produced from the cathode were actually a stream of negatively charged particles called electrons. (See Figure 1.8 in the textbook for Thomson's experimental setup). From Maxwell's theory, he knew that charged particles could be deflected in a magnetic field.
In this coordinate system, electrons enter the region between the plates with an (unknown) velocity $v$ in the $x$-direction. In order to determine this velocity, electric and magnetic fields are both applied, and each gives rise to a force on the electron. These forces are in the $y$-direction. The electric force $F_E = eE$, where $E$ is the magnitude of the electric field, and the magnetic force is $F_H = -evH$, where $H$ is the magnitude of the magnetic field, and is opposed to the force on the electric field.
If these forces balance, then there will be no deflection of the electron in the $y$-direction, i.e. all of the electrons' motion will be along the $x$-direction, which was the initial direction when they entered the field region. If the forces balance, then the total force on the electrons will be zero, that is $F_E + F_H = 0$ .
hope it help u.
⤵⤵⤵⤵⤵⤵⤵⤵⤵⤵
J.J. Thomson's experiment and the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron
The first is the experiment of Joseph John Thomson, who first demonstrated that atoms are actually composed of aggregates of charged particles. Prior to his work, it was believed that atoms were the fundamental building blocks of matter. The first evidence contrary to this notion came when people began studying the properties of atoms in large electric fields.
If a gas sample is introduced into the region between two charged plates, a current flow can be observed, suggesting that the atoms have been broken down into charged constituents. The source of these charged particles is a heated cathode that, in fact, causes the atoms of the sample to ionize. These were known as cathode rays. In 1897, Thomson set out to prove that the cathode rays produced from the cathode were actually a stream of negatively charged particles called electrons. (See Figure 1.8 in the textbook for Thomson's experimental setup). From Maxwell's theory, he knew that charged particles could be deflected in a magnetic field.
In this coordinate system, electrons enter the region between the plates with an (unknown) velocity $v$ in the $x$-direction. In order to determine this velocity, electric and magnetic fields are both applied, and each gives rise to a force on the electron. These forces are in the $y$-direction. The electric force $F_E = eE$, where $E$ is the magnitude of the electric field, and the magnetic force is $F_H = -evH$, where $H$ is the magnitude of the magnetic field, and is opposed to the force on the electric field.
If these forces balance, then there will be no deflection of the electron in the $y$-direction, i.e. all of the electrons' motion will be along the $x$-direction, which was the initial direction when they entered the field region. If the forces balance, then the total force on the electrons will be zero, that is $F_E + F_H = 0$ .
hope it help u.
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