Speech on revolt of 1857
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The year 1857 marked the completion of 100 years of British rule. Lord Dalhousie’s regime (1849-56) marked the high watermark of the expansion of British domination in India when he implemented the Doctrine of Lapse which postulated that Indian states having no natural heir would be annexed to the Empire.
Doctrine of Lapse is also known as Law of Escheat. The states annexed to the empire by the application of this doctrine were Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1850), Jhansi (1853), Jaipur (1849), Bengal (1850) and Awadh (1856). Nana Sahib’s pension was discontinued and the adopted son of the Rani of Jhansi was deprived of his right to rule in violation of the recognised Hindu Laws.
The Rani had tried everything to reverse the decision. She even offered to keep Jhansi safe for the British if they would grant her wishes. Not only that, Dalhousie further proposed to abolish the title of Mughal emperor.
So far as the military causes of Indian National Movement are concerned—there was great inequality in the treatment between the Indian sepoys and their British counterparts in terms of salary and benefits.
Indian soldiers were considered inferior and higher posts were exclusively reserved for Britishers. What hurt Indian soldiers most was the ban to ware caste and religious mark while on service which amounted to interference in their personal affairs.
The British suffered defeats in first Afghan war (1838-1842) and in Punjab war (1845-1849). These defeats shattered the belief that the Britishers are invincible. As for economic reasons of Indian National Movement, under the British rule India was converted into colonial economy to serve the British capitalists interests. Our traditional handicrafts industry was ruined. Many people were rendered jobless.
The revolt was poorly organised and there was no unity among the leaders. For more than a year the rebels carried out their struggle against heavy odds. They had no quick system at their command hence no coordination was possible. There was no impact of the rebellion beyond Narmada.
Even in north India, Rajasthan, Punjab, Sindh and Gujrat remained quite. Almost half the Indian soldiers not only kept aloof from participating in the revolt but also fought against their own countrymen. The Indian prince such as Sindhia of Gwalior, Nizam of Hyderabad and princes of Rajasthan remained loyal to the British.
The rebel leaders lacked in experience, organizing ability and their operations were not concerted. Even after its failure the revolt of 1857 served a grand purpose. It was a source of inspiration for the national liberation movement. It was not a pure historical tragedy.
The immediate fall out of this revolt was that East India Company was abolished. Administration was transferred from East India Company to the crown of Britain. Beginning was made by Indian Council Act 1861 to associate Indians legislative matters. The Civil Service Act was passed which provided for competitive examination of 1861 transferred the European troops of the company to the crown.
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Doctrine of Lapse is also known as Law of Escheat. The states annexed to the empire by the application of this doctrine were Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1850), Jhansi (1853), Jaipur (1849), Bengal (1850) and Awadh (1856). Nana Sahib’s pension was discontinued and the adopted son of the Rani of Jhansi was deprived of his right to rule in violation of the recognised Hindu Laws.
The Rani had tried everything to reverse the decision. She even offered to keep Jhansi safe for the British if they would grant her wishes. Not only that, Dalhousie further proposed to abolish the title of Mughal emperor.
So far as the military causes of Indian National Movement are concerned—there was great inequality in the treatment between the Indian sepoys and their British counterparts in terms of salary and benefits.
Indian soldiers were considered inferior and higher posts were exclusively reserved for Britishers. What hurt Indian soldiers most was the ban to ware caste and religious mark while on service which amounted to interference in their personal affairs.
The British suffered defeats in first Afghan war (1838-1842) and in Punjab war (1845-1849). These defeats shattered the belief that the Britishers are invincible. As for economic reasons of Indian National Movement, under the British rule India was converted into colonial economy to serve the British capitalists interests. Our traditional handicrafts industry was ruined. Many people were rendered jobless.
The revolt was poorly organised and there was no unity among the leaders. For more than a year the rebels carried out their struggle against heavy odds. They had no quick system at their command hence no coordination was possible. There was no impact of the rebellion beyond Narmada.
Even in north India, Rajasthan, Punjab, Sindh and Gujrat remained quite. Almost half the Indian soldiers not only kept aloof from participating in the revolt but also fought against their own countrymen. The Indian prince such as Sindhia of Gwalior, Nizam of Hyderabad and princes of Rajasthan remained loyal to the British.
The rebel leaders lacked in experience, organizing ability and their operations were not concerted. Even after its failure the revolt of 1857 served a grand purpose. It was a source of inspiration for the national liberation movement. It was not a pure historical tragedy.
The immediate fall out of this revolt was that East India Company was abolished. Administration was transferred from East India Company to the crown of Britain. Beginning was made by Indian Council Act 1861 to associate Indians legislative matters. The Civil Service Act was passed which provided for competitive examination of 1861 transferred the European troops of the company to the crown.
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heya❤
- Aslo called as first war of independence or sepoy mutiny of 1857.
- First initiative was taken by Sepoy mangal pandey.
- The British order to arrest mangal pandey but India Sepoy did not follow this instruction.
- Under the leadership of mangal pandey on 29 March 1857, the Indian sepoys marched to Delhi and made the nawab of Delhi the emperor of India.
- although the revolt was unsuccessful.
hope it helps ❤
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