SST Project on any one of the following :
1). Communication facilities for Disaster Management
2). Alternative communication systems during disaster
3). Tsunami - the killer waves the survival skills
4). Survival skills for all the disaster
Answers
in times of crisis and natural disasters, amateur radio is often used as a means of emergency communication when wireline, cell phones and other conventional means of communications fail.
Unlike commercial systems, Amateur radio is usually independent of terrestrial facilities that can fail. It is dispersed throughout a community without "choke points" such as cellular telephone sites that can be overloaded.
Amateur radio operators are experienced in improvising antennas and power sources and most equipment today can be powered by an automobile battery. Annual "Field Days" are held in many countries to practice these emergency improvisational skills. Amateur radio operators can use hundreds of frequencies and can quickly establish networks tying disparate agencies together to enhance interoperability.
Recent examples include the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in Manhattan in 2001, the 2003 North America blackout and Hurricane Katrina in September 2005, where amateur radio was used to coordinate disaster relief activities when other systems failed. In 2017, the Red Cross requested 50 amateur radio operators be dispatched to Puerto Rico to provide communications services in the wake of Hurricane Maria.[1]
On September 2, 2004, ham radio was used to inform weather forecasters with information on Hurricane Frances live from the Bahamas. On December 26, 2004, an earthquake and resulting tsunami across the Indian Ocean wiped out all communications with the Andaman Islands, except for a DX-pedition that provided a means to coordinate relief efforts.[2]
Recently, Amateur Radio operators in the People's Republic of China provided emergency communications after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake[3] and U.S. hams did similar work following Hurricane Ike.[4] Amateur radio operators provided communications in the aftermath of the Boston Marathon bombing when cellphone systems became overloaded.[5]
The largest disaster response by U.S. amateur radio operators was during Hurricane Katrina which first made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane went through Miami, Florida on August 25, 2005, eventually strengthening to Category 5. More than a thousand ham operators from all over the U.S. converged on the Gulf Coast in an effort to provide emergency communications assistance. Subsequent Congressional hearings highlighted the Amateur Radio response as one of the few examples of what went right in the disaster relief effort.
Human beings are responsible for natural calamities. The nature maintains an ecological balance which is disrupted when human beings increase their demands upon nature. Overpopulation is one of the major causes of the disruption in this fine balance because it has been laying excessive toll on the natural resources available. Nature carries out its own culling process through this natural calamities to restore some balance
The human activities like deforestation is responsible for loosening of the topsoil which paves the way for major destruction during floods and landslides . Also, violent storms,cyclones and tornadoes are causing havoc when they unleash their full fury due to human activities leading to changes weather patterns,alterations in surface temperatures . A large scale construction activities,nuclear testing,etc affects the tectonic balance which can cause earthquakes . An excessive cultivation of lands leads to the soil becoming weaker not only in nutrient value but also in terms of its strength thus flash floods can cause massive destruction like the ones we saw in Uttarakhand .
Tsunami has been coined from the Japanese tern Tsu meaning harbor and name means waves. These waves are generated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or underwater landslides and can reach height of 15m or more causing devastating effects. Tsuanami represent killer waves as they consist of series of waves, initial wave may not be the largest but serve as a potential warning. The force of Tsunami is enormous as the waves can carry with them tons of large rocks, debris, boats and can destroy homes, buildings severely damaging infrastructure.
Tsunamis may also be generated by large earthquakes in other areas of ocean but travel at the rate of hundreds km /hr to reach the coasts. All low lying coastal areas can be struck by tsunamis. They can be detected using satellite technology which may provide immediate warnings. Tsunami meters, coastal tide gauges are also used to detect them. Tsunamis have produced disastrous result wiping out everything that comes in its way. Timely preparedness early warnings can surely mitigate its effect. You may refer to Tsunami of 2004 which was caused by an earthquake in the ocean bed , and was one of the worst disaster . It effected India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thialand. It was the deadliest tsunami caused by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, killing more than 250,000 .