State 3 main features of liberals
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1. Recognition of Importance of Individual:
Liberalism accords to the individual a high position of importance. Individual is accepted as the central point of all political, economic and social activities. It is meaningless to talk of society minus individuals, because a society is nothing but a large and active group of individuals. The society is a means to the end, which is the individual. Society is for the individual and not the individual for the society.
2. Faith in Rationality of Individual:
Liberalism has a firm faith in the intelligence and rationality of individual. Being rational, every individual knows well what is good for him and what is not. No person can be and should be forced to accept and follow such conventions, laws and principles as do not conform to his logic and intellect. The supporters of Liberalism place emphasis upon the organised intellectual power of human individual as the basis of all human progress and development.
3. Opposition to Blind Faith and Tradition:
Medieval Age was bound down by superstitions and traditions. The political, economic and religious institutions were looked upon as the ideals. The liberalists opposed these institutions and prepared the way for further changes. The liberalists had little faith in superstitions and old dogmatic traditions. They stood for a society free from superstitions and irrational traditions.
4. Support for Human Rights and Freedom:
The liberal thinkers support human rights and freedom. No State or society should abolish or restrict them. The State is to protect all the rights. According to them the basic rights are: the right to life, right to property and the rights to liberty, equality and justice.
5. Firm Support for Liberty:
The liberalists support liberty as the most cherished ideal. It includes the liberty of expression, liberty of family, liberty of religion, economic liberty and social liberty. However, liberty is conceptualised in a positive way. It is not defined as absence of restraints. It stands for some rational restraints and seeks to eliminate irrational ones.
6. State as the means, Individual as the End:
Liberalism regards State only as an institution which has been created for the comfort and full development of the individuals inhabiting it. The State is the means and its aim is the development of individual. According to Bentham, the aim of the State was to promote 'the greatest happiness of the greatest number'. Modern liberal thinkers consider the State as an instrument of general welfare and justice.
7. Constitutional and Limited Government:
Liberalism supports constitutional and limited government. While looking upon State as the means for individual development, liberalism does not favour the end of state or an undue limitation of the power of the state and its government. Liberalism is opposed only the absolutism of the rulers.
To begin with, liberalism favoured limiting the powers of the government, but with the passage of time it changed its own outlook and began to accept the role of the state as a hamonising factor between individual good and the social welfare. However, it strongly advocates that every government must function within its constitutional limits.
8. Support for Democracy:
Liberalism was born as a reaction against the absolutism of the rulers. It upheld democracy because it alone could really ensure the rights and freedoms of all. According to Locke, "a government should born out of the people's consent and should be based on people's consent." Liberalism believes in representative institutions, adult franchise, free and fair elections, independent, impartial judiciary, rule of law and social welfare.
9. Faith in Secularism:
Liberalism supports the view that there should be no special religion of the state. All religions must enjoy equal freedom. People belonging to all religions should enjoy equal rights and freedoms. A very large number of countries all over the world now accept the secular views of liberalist.
10. Tolerance towards Dissent:
The liberalists tolerate dissent. They welcome opposition as an alternative point of view. They believe not in the exercise of violence and force in politics, but in persuasion and consultation in order to arrive at a decision. In a democracy, while the majority rule is an acceptable way of life, the minorities are to have the right to work for and secure their interests.
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Liberalism accords to the individual a high position of importance. Individual is accepted as the central point of all political, economic and social activities. It is meaningless to talk of society minus individuals, because a society is nothing but a large and active group of individuals. The society is a means to the end, which is the individual. Society is for the individual and not the individual for the society.
2. Faith in Rationality of Individual:
Liberalism has a firm faith in the intelligence and rationality of individual. Being rational, every individual knows well what is good for him and what is not. No person can be and should be forced to accept and follow such conventions, laws and principles as do not conform to his logic and intellect. The supporters of Liberalism place emphasis upon the organised intellectual power of human individual as the basis of all human progress and development.
3. Opposition to Blind Faith and Tradition:
Medieval Age was bound down by superstitions and traditions. The political, economic and religious institutions were looked upon as the ideals. The liberalists opposed these institutions and prepared the way for further changes. The liberalists had little faith in superstitions and old dogmatic traditions. They stood for a society free from superstitions and irrational traditions.
4. Support for Human Rights and Freedom:
The liberal thinkers support human rights and freedom. No State or society should abolish or restrict them. The State is to protect all the rights. According to them the basic rights are: the right to life, right to property and the rights to liberty, equality and justice.
5. Firm Support for Liberty:
The liberalists support liberty as the most cherished ideal. It includes the liberty of expression, liberty of family, liberty of religion, economic liberty and social liberty. However, liberty is conceptualised in a positive way. It is not defined as absence of restraints. It stands for some rational restraints and seeks to eliminate irrational ones.
6. State as the means, Individual as the End:
Liberalism regards State only as an institution which has been created for the comfort and full development of the individuals inhabiting it. The State is the means and its aim is the development of individual. According to Bentham, the aim of the State was to promote 'the greatest happiness of the greatest number'. Modern liberal thinkers consider the State as an instrument of general welfare and justice.
7. Constitutional and Limited Government:
Liberalism supports constitutional and limited government. While looking upon State as the means for individual development, liberalism does not favour the end of state or an undue limitation of the power of the state and its government. Liberalism is opposed only the absolutism of the rulers.
To begin with, liberalism favoured limiting the powers of the government, but with the passage of time it changed its own outlook and began to accept the role of the state as a hamonising factor between individual good and the social welfare. However, it strongly advocates that every government must function within its constitutional limits.
8. Support for Democracy:
Liberalism was born as a reaction against the absolutism of the rulers. It upheld democracy because it alone could really ensure the rights and freedoms of all. According to Locke, "a government should born out of the people's consent and should be based on people's consent." Liberalism believes in representative institutions, adult franchise, free and fair elections, independent, impartial judiciary, rule of law and social welfare.
9. Faith in Secularism:
Liberalism supports the view that there should be no special religion of the state. All religions must enjoy equal freedom. People belonging to all religions should enjoy equal rights and freedoms. A very large number of countries all over the world now accept the secular views of liberalist.
10. Tolerance towards Dissent:
The liberalists tolerate dissent. They welcome opposition as an alternative point of view. They believe not in the exercise of violence and force in politics, but in persuasion and consultation in order to arrive at a decision. In a democracy, while the majority rule is an acceptable way of life, the minorities are to have the right to work for and secure their interests.
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3 main features of liberals are mentioned as follows:-
- Liberals view the individual as the main centre of all activity; they see the individual as the aim while viewing all other associations, including the state, as to how the individual is achieved.
- They reject all forms of totalitarianism. They believe that a more powerful state equates to a person who has less freedom.
- The notion that the state tries to promote the welfare of its citizens is known as welfarist. The liberal idea of government activity is one in which the people are served by the state. The welfare state is, in other words, a "social service" state.
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