Question

state and explain le chatellers principle. which factors can alter the equilibrium state
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Answer 1

Le Chatelier's principle states that - "If an equilibrium is subjected to a change of concentration, pressure or temperature, the equilibrium shifts in the direction that trends to undo the effect of the change".
When a system at equilibrium is subjected to stress or strain in the form of temp, pressure, volume, concentration etc then system moves in that direction in which the stress or strain is nullified. (1) Effect of change in concentration (a) When concentration of products is raised system moves in backward direction to attain equilibrium. (b) When product concentration decreases system moves in forward direction to attain equilibrium (2) Effect of pressure: The change in pressure depends upon the sign. of Δng. A. When Δng = – ve (a) Increasing pressure system will move in forward direction to attain equilibrium (b) Decreasing pressure system moves in backward direction to attain equilibrium B. When Δng = +ve (a) Increasing pressure system moves in backward direction to attain equilibrium. (b) Decreasing pressure system moves in the forward direction. (3) Effect of temperature Kc changes with temperature according to the equation (a) For Exothermic reation (i) When temperature increases Kc value decreases so system moves in backward direction. (ii) When temperature is lowered Kc increases and hence system moves in forward direction. (b) For endothermic reaction (i) Increasing the temperature will increase Kc value so that the system moves in forward direction. (ii) Decreasing the temperature will decrease Kc value so that the system moves in backward direction. (4) Adding Inert gas at constant volume Addition of inert gas to a system at equilibrium at constant volume does not change equilibrium state. (5) Adding Inert gas at constant pressure (a) Adding inert gas to a system at equilibrium at constant pressure will increase the volume and hence if Δng = –ve the system moves in backward direction attain equilibrium. (b) Adding inert gas to a system at equilibrium at constant pressure will increase the volume and if Δng = +ve then system moves in forward direction attain the equilibrium (6) Adding catalyst Addition of catalyst to a system at equilibrium does not shift equilibrium because rate of forward and rate of backward direction both are increased.




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