state and prove green theorem
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To indicate that an integral is being done over a closed curve in the counter-clockwise direction, we usually write . We also use the notation to mean the boundary of oriented in the counterclockwise direction. With this notation, .
We already know one case, not particularly interesting, in which this theorem is true: If is conservative, we know that the integral , because any integral of a conservative vector field around a closed curve is zero. We also know in this case that , so the double integral in the theorem is simply the integral of the zero function, namely, 0. So in the case that is conservative, the theorem says simply that .
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