Question

State any 3 causes of air pollution in Calcutta in the 19th century.
(Ch-6)(Class 10)

Answer 1

a. The development of cities in India came with a price, inflicting damage to the environment and problem for city dwellers.
b. Industrialisation brought about massive deforestation , to meet the demand for space for industries, housing.
c. It also led to water and air pollution with extreme dumping of industrial waste, smoke from industrial chimneys.
d. Calcutta was built on a marshy land  where fog combined with the smoke emanating from industries resulting in the thick black smog that  used to engulf sky.
e. There were cases of black fog, resulting in ailment , diseases and also impacting human nature.
f. People there were largely dependent on wood and dug as fuel causing further air pollution.
g. Coal, which was used, was considered as a major pollutant, resulting in black smog, which was emanated from industries and steam engines, became a major problem for the city dwellers.
h. People thus,  campaigned to protect environment resulting  in passing of environmental laws
i. But the task of implementation became difficult as factory owners did nothing much to redesign the machinery and stop smoke.
j.. In the midst, growing pollution caused by factories , increased migration to cities for instance. Calcutta, the British government later passed he Bengal Smoke Nuisance Act, 1905'.

Answer 2

Calcutta had a long history of air pollution
its inhabitnts inhaled smoke particularly in winters
as city was built on marshy land the for combined with smoke to generate thick black smog
high levels of pollution were the consequences of high population that depend on dung and fuelwood in their daily life but main polluters industries and their establishment they used steam engines to run on coal
Railway lines introduced in 1855 posted in another problem which was coal from Raniganj which had content of ash in Indian Coal was the main problem


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