Question

State Bohr's postulates for explaining the spectrum of hydrogen.

Answer 1

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Bohr's theory:

To explain the stability of atom and defects of Rutherford atomic model, Bohr's theory was developed.

Postulates:

•        In an atom, the electron continuously revolve around nucleus in certain fixed circular path called orbits.
• Each orbit is associated with definite amount of energy so they are called as energy levels or energy shells.
• They are represented by K, L, M,N so on or 1, 2, 3,4, so on.
• As long as electron is present in these orbit its energy is constant. Hence the orbit are called stationary orbits.
• Electron can revolve in only both circular paths in which its angular momentum is quantised. Therefore,

Angular momentum of electron = MVR = nh / 2π

Where, m - mass, v - velocity, r - radius, n - orbit number, h - Planck's Constant.

• In an atom, electron always tries to be in lowest energy level if sufficient energy is supplied then electron absorb and excited.
• In excited state, electron are unstable hence they emit energy and deexcited in single or multiple steps.

ΔE = E₂ - E₁

ΔE = Change in energy

E₂ = Energy of electron in higher energy level.

E₁ = Energy of electron in lower energy level.

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