Question

state briefly about the smaller castes or jatis that emerged with the varnas

Answer 1

The terms varna (theoretical classification based on occupation) and jāti (caste) are two distinct concepts. Jāti (community) refers to the thousands of endogamous groups prevalent across the subcontinent. A jati may be divided into exogamous groups based on the same gotras. The classical authors scarcely speak of anything other than the varnas; even Indologists sometimes confuse the two

Answer 2

Answer:

Smaller castes or jatis, emerged within varnas. Jatis consisted of the tribes and social groups that were included in the caste-based society, specialised artisans like smiths, carpenters and masons. Jatis became the basis for organisation of the societies.