State briefly why do the electromagnetic waves which frequency range from a few megahertz up to 30 megahertz can reflect back to the earth. what happen when the frequency range exceeds this limit
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Total Internal Reflection
Explanation:
The ionosphere is a layer of atmosphere in which ionized air is present that is free electrons are present. The refractive index depends on the wavelength and temperature. When light of certain frequency reaches this layer, due to total internal reflection phenomenon, the light reflects back. Thus, this is used for communication purposes. When higher frequency (more energetic) waves are sent, they pass through the layer and are lost to space.
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