State merits and demerits in collecting data of a questionnaires. Describe main aspects of a questionnaire.
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Answer:
Ans:- Advantages of Questionnaire:
(1) Economical:It is an economical way of accumulating information. It is economical both for the sender and forthe respondent in time, effort and cost. The cost of conducting the study with the help of questionnaire method is very low. In questionnaire the researcher has to spend for paper printing and postage only. There is no need to visit each and every respondent personally. So it does not require high cost for conduct of the research.
(2) Wide Coverage:It is probably the best method to collect information, compared to the other methods like interview or observation, when the sample population is spread over a large territory. It permits anationwide or even international coverage.
Questionnaire makes it possible to contact with many people who could not otherwise be reached. It can cover a large group at the same time. Goode and Hatt say that when the researcher has to cover the group of respondents who are widely scattered, lie can use the questionnaire in order to minimize the cost.For example, if the researcher wishes to poll the membership of the American Sociological Society, transportation costs for interviewing would be excessive, both in terms of money and time. There may not be enough time to make the necessary interview.However, questionnaires could be distributed to all those members and information could be collected from them. This can be done by a single researcher without the large funds otherwise required to hire an interviewing staff to carry out the interview.
(3) Rapidity:Replies may be received very quickly in questionnaire method. In this case there is no need to visit the respondent personally or continue the study over a long period. Thor “fore in comparison with other methods, the mailed questionnaire is the quickest method.
(4) Suitable in Special Type of Response:The information about certain personal, secret matters can be best obtained through questionnaire method. For example, information about sexual relationship, marital relationship, secret desires etc. can .be easily obtained by ‘keeping the names of the respondents anonymous.
(5) Repetitive Information:Compared to other methods like schedule, interview or observation, questionnaire method is regarded as more useful and cheap, where the repetitive information has to be collected at regularinterval.
Disadvantages of Questionnaire:
(1) Limited Response:One of the major limitations of the questionnaire is that it can be applicable only to those respondents who have a considerable amount of education. It can neither be used for illiterate norfor semi-literate persons.
(2) Lack of Personal Contact:As in case of questionnaire the researcher does not go to the field, he is not able to establish a proper personal relationship with the respondents. If the respondent fails to understand some of
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