State Raoult’s law. Non-ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s law. What are these deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one example for each type. Derive an expression for Raoult’s law when the solute is non-volatile.
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a law stating that the freezing and boiling points of an ideal solution are respectively depressed and elevated relative to that of the pure solvent by an amount proportional to the mole fraction of solute.
Explanation:
If the vapor pressure of a mixture is lower than expected from Raoult's law, there is said to be a negative deviation. Negative deviations from Raoult's law arise when the forces between the particles in the mixture are stronger than the mean of the forces between the particles in the pure liquids
Positive Deviation from Raoult's Law occurs when the vapour pressure of the component is greater than what is expected in Raoult's Law. For Example, consider two components A and B to form non-ideal solutions.
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