State relationship between various tophic levels
Answers
Answer:
all the tropic levels are related with each other as follows: The autotrophs produce food by photosynthesis, the herbivores consume that food. The hervivores are eaten by carnivores (lion, tiger) in this way all are co related with each other.
Answer:
Explanation:The relationship between the different trophic levels.The Greek root of the word
troph
, means food or feeding. Links infood-websprimarilyconnect feeding relations or trophismamong species.Biodiversitywithin ecosystems can be organized into vertical and horizontal dimensions. The vertical dimension representsfeeding relations that become further removed from the base of the food chain up towardtop predators. The horizontal dimension represents theabundance or biomassat eachlevel. When the relative abundance or biomass of each functional feeding group isstacked into their respectivetrophic levelsthey naturally sort into a ‘pyramid of numbers’. Functional groups are broadly categorized asautotrophs(or primary producers
), heterotrophs(or consumers
), anddetrivores(or decomposers
). Heterotrophscan be further sub-divided into different functional groups, including: primary consumers (strict herbivores),secondary consumers (predators that feed exclusively on herbivores)andtertiary consumers(predators that feed on a mix of herbivores and predators).Omnivoresdo not fit neatly into a functional category because they eat both plant andanimal tissues. It has been suggested, however, that omnivores have a greater functionalinfluence as predators because relative to herbivores they are comparatively inefficient atgrazing.The emergent pyramidal arrangement of trophic levels with amounts of energytransfer decreasing as species become further removed from the source of production isone of several patterns that is repeated amongst the planets ecosystems. The size of eachlevel in the pyramid generally represents biomass, which can be measured as the dryweight of an organism. Autotrophs may have the highest global proportion of biomass, but they are closely rivaled or surpassed by microbes.
Functional trophic groups sort out hierarchically into pyramidic trophic levels because it requires specialized adaptations to become a photosynthesizer or a predator, sofew organisms have the adaptations needed to combine both abilities. This explains whyfunctional adaptations to trophism (feeding) organizes different species into emergentfunctional groups. Trophic levels are part of theholisticor complex systemsview of ecosystems. Each trophic level contains unrelated species that grouped together becausethey share common ecological functions. Grouping functionally similar species into atrophic system gives a macroscopic image of the larger functional design.Links in a food-web illustrate direct trophic relations among species, but there arealso indirect effects that can alter the abundance, distribution, or biomass in the trophiclevels. For example, predators eating herbivores indirectly influence the control andregulation of primary production in plants. Although the predators do not eat the plantsdirectly, they regulate the population of herbibores that are directly linked to planttrophism. The net effect of direct and indirect relations is called trophic cascades. Trophiccascades are separated into species-level cascades, where only a subset of the food-webdynamic is impacted by a change in population numbers, and community-level cascades,where a change in population numbers has a dramatic effect on the entire food-web, suchas the distribution of plant biomass.