State the effect of hybridization on bond lengths.
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Orbital hybridization strongly affects physical properties such as bond lengths and bond energies. The length of a σ bond between carbon and another atom is shorter for a carbon atom with sp2 hybrid orbitals than for a carbon atom with sp3 hybrid orbitals.
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Effect of Hybridization on Single, Double and Triple Bond Lengths of Carbon. Since the sp hybrid orbital contains more s-character (50%), it is closer to its nucleus; therefore, it forms shorter bonds. Because of the same reason sp2 hybrid orbital forms shorter bonds than sp3 hybrid orbitals.
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