State the mendelian principle.
Answers
Answer:
The principles that govern heredity were discovered by a monk named Gregor Mendel in the 1860s. One of these principles, now called Mendel's Law of Segregation, states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization. Organisms inherit two alleles for each trait.
Explanation:
1860’s, an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel introduced a new theory of inheritance based on his experimental work with pea plants. Prior to Mendel, most people believed inheritance was due to a blending of parental ‘essences’, much like how mixing blue and yellow paint will produce a green color. Mendel instead believed that heredity is the result of discrete units of inheritance, and every single unit (or gene) was independent in its actions in an individual’s genome. According to this Mendelian concept, inheritance of a trait depends on the passing-on of these units. For any given trait, an individual inherits one gene from each parent so that the individual has a pairing of two genes. We now understand the alternate forms of these units as ‘alleles’. If the two alleles that form the pair for a trait are identical, then the individual is said to be homozygous and if the two genes are different, then the individual is heterozygous for the trait
Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Mendel’s observations and conclusions are summarized in the following two principles, or laws.
Law of Segregation
The Law of Segregation states that for any trait, each parent’s pairing of genes (alleles) split and one gene passes from each parent to an offspring. Which particular gene in a pair gets passed on is completely up to chance.
Law of Independent Assortment
The Law of Independent Assortment states that different pairs of alleles are passed onto the offspring independently of each other. Therefore, inheritance of genes at one location in a genome does not influence the inheritance of genes at another location.