Question

State the six "approaches" of human geography. (Class 12)​

Answer 1

Answer:

Though critical revolution in geography occurred side by side with the quantitative revolution in the 1960s and the early 1970s, as a possible reaction to the positivist spatial science tradition, but recent studies in humanistic geography, behavioural geography, time space geography, human ecology, welfare geography ...

Answer 2

Answer:

The humanistic approach, Idealistic approach, Hermeneutic Approach

Phenomenological Approach,

Explanation:

Humanistic Approach: It is a human geography approach that is distinguished by the crucial and energetic role it gives to human awareness and agency, human consciousness, and human creativity. It is an attempt to comprehend the meaning, worth, and human significance of life events. The 1970s saw a resurgence of humanism in geography, owing in large part to a deep discontent with the more mechanistic models created during the quantifiable science revolution.

Idealistic Approach: Advocated by Leonard Guelke (1981), expressed his ideas to historical geographers as a counter-argument to positivist approaches and techniques. 'It is evident that quantitative techniques are frequently useful, but statistical methods combined with positivist philosophy is a dangerous combination,' he says.

Hermeneutic Approach: Idealism implies a Hermeneutic Approach, which is the theory of interpretation and meaning clarification. Its arguments were then expanded to include the reader (or interpreter). The dialectic among subject and object leads to what is known as 'double hermeneutics.' In geography, hermeneutics has been formally used in a similarly broad sense to challenge positivism's epistemology and thus reject the exclusive claims of spatial science.

Phenomenological Approach: Phenomenology has sparked more interest in human geographers than idealism. 'Idealism,' on the other hand, accepts that there is a real world outside the person's awareness. Phenomenologists argue that there is no honesty independent of man's existence—all knowledge continues from the realm of experience and is not independent of that world.

Behavioral Geography: In contrast to humanistic geography, Behavioural Geography can be viewed as a growing critique from within the 'quantitative' movement, beginning with disillusionment with theories based on the concept of 'economic man.' It is a method of approaching human geography, specifically the processes that underpin human spatial behavior, that relies heavily on behaviorism or cognition as a key to understanding human spatial behavior. Behavioral geography views man as a stimuli responder.

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