State the universal law of gravitation
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Importantance of universal law of gravitation. The gravitational force of attraction of the earth binds all terrestrial objects to the Earth. It explains the attractive force between any two objects which have mass.
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Universal law of gravitation states that every body attracts other bodies with a force which is directly proportional to product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of distance between them . It can be stated by the formula ,
F = - GMm/R^2 ( negative because it is always attracting )
where G is the gravitational constant
value of G is 6.67 × 10^-11 , It was measured by Cavendish .
And this universal law was given by Sir Issac newton which was later modified by Albert Einstein with his simple theory of relativity .
It is very important because with this law planetary motion was connected with the motion of day to day objects as this law is applicable to every object which has mass .
Explanation:
But there was a small mistake in the law which was if sun would suddenly disappear then what will happen to the motion of planets , this law stated that it will take no time and simultaneously the planets would move tangently but it is not possible because sun rays take 8 minutes to reach earth and nothing can be faster than speed of light in vacuum , so this was modified by Einstein . Einstein said that a large mass change the shape of the space time dimension near it and it would take exact time which was taken by sun rays to reach the earth . which ultimately means if sun suddenly disappear then after 8 minutes earth will start moving tangently .
This law is important to find the potential energy of satellites , escape speed and without this law , it would be impossible to launch the satellites and to know about other heavenly bodies , so you can imagine how important this law is .