state universal law of gravitation. write its four significant points
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UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION:-
According to this theory every object in the universe attracts every other object with a definite force.This force is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
FOUR SIGNIFICANT POINTS:-
The distance between two objects is an important component of the law of universal gravitation. It's not just how far away the objects are from each other, it's the SQUARE of that distance. So, for example, if two objects are 3 kilometers away from each other, you can't just divide by 3 to get the gravitational force - you have to divide by 3 x 3, which is 9.
And if the objects are 9 kilometers away from each other you have to divide by 81. So, even though the objects are only 3 times as far from each other, the force is actually going to be 9 times weaker - that's a big difference!
This idea of an exponential decrease describes the inverse-square law. As you just saw, increasing the distance only a small amount decreases the force by a large amount, because the square of the distance is inversely proportional to the force.
It might help to think about this concept with a can of spray paint and a wall. The paint can will spray paint out in all directions from the nozzle, not just in a straight line, right? So, let's say you have your can of paint and you stand very close to the wall - only 1 meter away. When you spray the wall your paint covers a certain area; let's call it one unit.
If you move away from the wall to a distance of 2 meters, the paint you spray toward the wall will cover a larger area but with the same amount of paint as before. The area you cover is not twice as big - it's four times as big because your can sprays paint in all directions - the area is both twice as tall and twice as wide as before. If you step back yet again, this time to a distance of 3 meters, the area your paint covers is now 9 units because it is BOTH three times as tall and three times as wide as your original unit of area. Remember, you're still spraying the same amount of paint but over a larger area, so, the paint is 'weaker' all around.
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