Std
Subject - Geography
Q.1
Jarns
Kolkata
(
bamäreka
(5)
1. Name the industry at Jamshedpur?
2. Which raw material is required for this industry?
3. From which areas is the raw material obtained?
4. Why is coal used in this industry?
5. State with reasons if it would be feasible to setup an iron and
steel industry in your district?
Give the answer
Answers
Answer:
Iron industry is a feeder industry which provides raw materials to various other industries.
Inputs of iron industry: iron ore, coal, limestone, labour, capital, site and other infrastructure.
Processes: The process involves conversion of iron ore into steel. It is done in many stages. First of all, the raw material is put in a blast furnace for smelting. Iron is refined after smelting and made into steel. For making 1 tonne of steel, 4 tonne of iron ore is mixed with 1 tonne of limestone and 8 tonne of coal is used as fuel.
Steel is also called the backbone of modern industry. Almost everything used by us is either made up of steel or is made by machines which are made up of steel. Various items; right from an awl pin to a huge ship are made of steel.
Before 1800 A.D. iron and steel industry was located where raw materials, power supply and running water were easily available. Later proximity to coal fields, canals and railways decided the location of iron and steel industry. After 1950, the location of iron and steel industry changed to large areas of flat land near sea ports. Proximity to sea ports was necessary for importing iron ores.
In India, iron and steel industry developed in areas with good availability of raw materials. All the major steel producing centres are in the Chhotanagpur plateau; spread over four states, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh. Bihlai, Durgapur, Burnpur, Jamshedpur, Rourkela and Bokaro are situated in this region. Other important steel centres are; Bhadravati and Vijay Nagar in Karnataka, Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and Salem in Tamil Nadu.
The steel production in India increased from one million tonne in 1947 to 30 million tonnes in 2002.
JAMSHEDPUR
The first iron and steel plant in India was set up in 1907 at Jamshedpur. At that time, it was a small village named Sakchi; near the confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in modern day Jharkhand. This plant is called Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO).
Location Advantages of Sakchi:
It was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line.
It was close to the deposits of iron ore, coal and manganese.
It was near Kolkata which provided a large market.
Presence of rivers ensured good supply of water for the factory.
There are some large integrated steel plants and various mini steel plants in the Indian iron and steel industry.
PITTSBURGH
It is an important steel city of the United States of America.
Location Advantages of Pittsburgh:
Coal is available locally.
Iron ore comes from Minnesota; which is about 1500 km away.
The famous Great Lakes waterway provides one of the best routes of shipment between Minnesota and Pittsburgh. Moreover, well developed railway network also provides infrastructure support.
The Ohio, the Monoghela and Allegheny rivers ensure adequate supply of water.
At present, there are very few large steel mills in Pittsburgh. They are now located in the valleys of Monoghela and Allegheny rivers above Pittsburgh and along the Ohio river below it.