story of Satyendranath Bose about 200 to 500 words
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SATYENDRANATH BOSE
S. N. Bose founded quantum statistics in 1924 when he discovered a new way to derive Planck’s radiation law.
Bose’s method was based on the argument that one photon of light is not distinguishable from another of the same color, which meant that a new way of counting particles was needed – Bose’s statistics.
Albert Einstein extended Bose’s argument to a wider range of phenomena. Nowadays, any particle that behaves in accordance with Bose’s statistics is classed as a boson,
named in honour of Bose.
Beginnings
Satyendra Nath Bose was born into a middle class family on January 1, 1894 in British India’s capital city, Calcutta, Bengal Presidency. Today the city is known as Kolkata, located in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Satyendra’s father was Surendranath Bose, an accountant in the East Indian Railway Company. Surendranath had a great interest in mathematics & science and in 1903 founded a small pharmaceutical and chemical company. Satyendra’s mother was Amodini Devi, a lawyer’s daughter. Satyendra was the couple’s eldest child and their only son; in the years following Satyendra’s birth, his parents had six daughters.
At age five, Satyendra enrolled at his local elementary school. Later, after his family moved to Calcutta’s Goabagan neighborhood, he became a pupil at the New Indian School.
Encouraging an Outstanding Pupil
His father encouraged Satyendra’s mathematical skills. Each morning, before leaving for work, he would write arithmetic problems on the floor for his son to solve. Satyendra always solved these before his father returned home.
In 1907, at age 13, Satyendra began high school at the illustrious Hindu School. He was quickly recognized as an outstanding pupil, especially in mathematics and the sciences. His mathematics teacher believed he had the potential to become a great mathematician, the equal of Pierre-Simon Laplace.
Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees
By 1909, age 15, Satyendra Bose had completed high school. He began a bachelor of science degree at Calcutta’s Presidency College, which is located next to the Hindu School. He majored in Applied Mathematics, and again he proved to be an outstanding student, graduating in 1913 at the top of his class, with first class honors.
Bose decided he wanted to remain in academia. He enrolled for a master’s degree in Applied Mathematics at the University of Calcutta. In 1915, age 21, he graduated at the top of his class. He also learned enough scientific German and French to read works published in these languages.
Becoming an Academic
Any modern scholar at this stage in their career would enroll for a Ph.D. degree; this would be a straightforward process. However, it was less straightforward for Bose. For a start, World War 1 had begun in 1914, and European scientific journals were now arriving in India infrequently. This was frustrating, because physics in Europe seemed to be alive with new possibilities in quantum theories, atomic theories, and relativity. Another difficulty was that Ph.D. degree programs were new to the University of Calcutta.
However, things were beginning to look up for Bose and other young Indians in Calcutta who wished to study science as postgraduates. Sir Asutosh Mookerji, mathematician, and Vice Chancellor of the University of Calcutta, had been donated a large amount of money by two Calcutta lawyers to promote advanced education for Indians. In 1914, Sir Asutosh began spending the money, establishing new professorships and research programs.
Bose and other recent graduates asked Sir Asutosh to allow them to teach postgraduate courses in mathematics and physics. Sir Asutosh said this would be possible after the graduates had carried out research work themselves. He gave them scholarships for postgraduate work beginning in 1916 and placed orders for the most useful academic journals. He gave the graduate students access to his own private library of mathematics and physics books: these were more advanced than the books publicly available at the university.
Bose and his friend Meghnad Saha, who became an eminent astrophysicist, were able to source cutting-edge textbooks from Paul Brühl, an Austrian who was teaching physics at the Bengal Engineering College. With a lot of hard work, this enabled them to upgrade their knowledge to postgraduate level in electromagnetism, relativity, spectroscopy, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics. At the end of 1916, Bose started giving applied mathematics lectures, and in 1917 he started giving mathematical physics lectures.
In 1917, the university appointed C. V. Raman to the Palit Chair of Physics.
In 1919, Bose and Saha published English translations of Albert Einstein’s special and general relativity papers.
In 1921, Bose was appointed to the position of Reader in Physics at the University of Dhaka, which is now in Bangladesh.
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