Question

Strain improvement technique by recombinant dna technology

Answer 1

Answer:

. Mutation:

Any change that occurs in the DNA of a gene is referred to as mutation. Thus, mutations result in a structural change in the genome. Mutations may be spontaneous (that occur naturally) or induced by mutagenic agents.The spontaneous mutations occur at a very low frequency, and usually are not suitable for industrial purposes. Mutations may be induced by mutagenic agents such as ultraviolet light, various chemicals (nitrous oxide, nitrosoguanidine, and hydroxylamine). Site-directed mutagenesis is also important for strain improvementGenetic Recombination:

The strain improvement can be made by combining genetic information from two genotypes, by a process called genetic recombination. The recombination can be brought out by transformation, transduction, conjugation and protoplast fusion.

There are many advantages of genetic recombination:

1. By crossing high product yielding mutant strains with wild-type strains, the fermentation process can be further increased.

2. Different mutant strains with high-yielding properties can be combined by recombination.

3. There is gradual decline in the product yield after each stage of mutation, due to undesirable mutations. This can be prevented by using recombination