structure of rural development of India
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India is a land of villages. About two-thirds of total population live in villages. Naturally the development of India means the development of rural India. Our great framers of the Constitution fully realised this and their realisation is partly enshrined in the Directive Principles of State Policy.
Let us briefly state it. In Article 40 it has been said: The state shall take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. It was thought by the makers of our Constitution that the most important weapon of rural development is to empower them constitutionally and for that purpose in 1992 the 73rd Amendment of Constitution was passed. It is believed by many that democracy is the most potent way of development. The fathers of our Constitution wanted to reach the stage of development through the system of panchayati.
Let us briefly state it. In Article 40 it has been said: The state shall take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. It was thought by the makers of our Constitution that the most important weapon of rural development is to empower them constitutionally and for that purpose in 1992 the 73rd Amendment of Constitution was passed. It is believed by many that democracy is the most potent way of development. The fathers of our Constitution wanted to reach the stage of development through the system of panchayati.
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Besides, the administrative set up for planning for Rural Development, there are other Institutions, who plays equal important role in planning, Implementation and Monitoring of rural development programmes.
The important among them are:
(i) The Panchayati Raj System and
(ii) The Financial Institutions.
A. Panchayati RajInstitutions:
The successful implementation of rural development programmes requires not only decentralisation of administrative Machinery and Mechanisms for Co-ordination at the local level but also institutions for participation and involvement of local people. From this point of view; the Panchayati Raj institutions play the catalytic role.
The ‘Panchayat’ or the institution of village councils is as old as India’s history and is a part of her tradition. The ancient Panchayats serving as units of local government, discharged most of the functions that affected the life of the village community. There have been a number of indicative citations describing succinctly the forms, functions, features and forces that constructed the strong structure of Panchayats.
The erstwhile British Government had caused to supersede the Panchayat institutions by diverting their powers and functions concerning administration, execution and justice, and thereby centralised the administrative set-up to serve its colonial interests. Some of the British rulers like Lord Ripon introduce certain reforms in 1982 and advocated for the revival of the village Institutions.
The Royal Commission on Decentralization, of 1909 also favoured the promotion of these institutions, seeking people’s participation. The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 had given same impetus for reviving the Panchayat bodies. But all these efforts were half-hearted and haphazard making no virtual impact.
Gandhiji the father of the Nation was also advocated for the revival of village Panchayat and to entrust full powers for the Independent functions. The Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution in Article 40 (Part IV) lays down “The State shall take steps to organise village Panchayats and to endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.”
In the process of planned economic development the Government of India introduced the Community Development Programme in 1952. The Government was somewhat doubtful about the achievements of the programme and did not like to rest on the laurels collected by its own officers.
Therefore, the Planning Commission appointed a Study Team under the Chairmanship of Balwantrai Mehta on December 1956. The objective of the study team was to review the working of community development and examining the question of reorganization of district administration in the light of new developments.
The Study Team suggested a three tier organization consisting of Village Panchayat at the grass root level, Panchayat Samiti at the Block level and Zilla Parishad at the District level. The team advocated the launching of this system simultaneously in the district.
According to the study team the democratic decentralization or Panchayati Raj alone can lead to effective rural development. The National Development Council endorsed the recommendations of the committee. However, the Institutions of Panchayat was officially launched on 2nd October 1959.
The Sino-Indian war of 1962, the death of Nehru on 1964, the Indo-Pak hostile on 1965 followed by the death of Lai Bahadur Shastri worsens the financial condition of the Institutions. In most of the States Panchayat election were either forgotten or postponed. In 1977 the Government of India appointed a Committee under the Chairmanship of Mr. Ashok Mehta to study the Panchayati Raj System.
The Committee favoured two-tier system of Panchayati Raj in the place of three- tier one as recommended by the Balwantrai Mehta Committee. The Ashok Mehta Committee report had not introduced properly due to the change of Central Government in 1980.
In 1985, the Planning Commission set up a committee to review the existing administrative arrangements for rural development and poverty alleviation programme (CAARD) under the Chairmanship of Prof. G.V.K. Rao. The Committee among other things suggested activation of Panchayati Raj Institutions.
☺️ That's all☺️
The important among them are:
(i) The Panchayati Raj System and
(ii) The Financial Institutions.
A. Panchayati RajInstitutions:
The successful implementation of rural development programmes requires not only decentralisation of administrative Machinery and Mechanisms for Co-ordination at the local level but also institutions for participation and involvement of local people. From this point of view; the Panchayati Raj institutions play the catalytic role.
The ‘Panchayat’ or the institution of village councils is as old as India’s history and is a part of her tradition. The ancient Panchayats serving as units of local government, discharged most of the functions that affected the life of the village community. There have been a number of indicative citations describing succinctly the forms, functions, features and forces that constructed the strong structure of Panchayats.
The erstwhile British Government had caused to supersede the Panchayat institutions by diverting their powers and functions concerning administration, execution and justice, and thereby centralised the administrative set-up to serve its colonial interests. Some of the British rulers like Lord Ripon introduce certain reforms in 1982 and advocated for the revival of the village Institutions.
The Royal Commission on Decentralization, of 1909 also favoured the promotion of these institutions, seeking people’s participation. The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 had given same impetus for reviving the Panchayat bodies. But all these efforts were half-hearted and haphazard making no virtual impact.
Gandhiji the father of the Nation was also advocated for the revival of village Panchayat and to entrust full powers for the Independent functions. The Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution in Article 40 (Part IV) lays down “The State shall take steps to organise village Panchayats and to endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.”
In the process of planned economic development the Government of India introduced the Community Development Programme in 1952. The Government was somewhat doubtful about the achievements of the programme and did not like to rest on the laurels collected by its own officers.
Therefore, the Planning Commission appointed a Study Team under the Chairmanship of Balwantrai Mehta on December 1956. The objective of the study team was to review the working of community development and examining the question of reorganization of district administration in the light of new developments.
The Study Team suggested a three tier organization consisting of Village Panchayat at the grass root level, Panchayat Samiti at the Block level and Zilla Parishad at the District level. The team advocated the launching of this system simultaneously in the district.
According to the study team the democratic decentralization or Panchayati Raj alone can lead to effective rural development. The National Development Council endorsed the recommendations of the committee. However, the Institutions of Panchayat was officially launched on 2nd October 1959.
The Sino-Indian war of 1962, the death of Nehru on 1964, the Indo-Pak hostile on 1965 followed by the death of Lai Bahadur Shastri worsens the financial condition of the Institutions. In most of the States Panchayat election were either forgotten or postponed. In 1977 the Government of India appointed a Committee under the Chairmanship of Mr. Ashok Mehta to study the Panchayati Raj System.
The Committee favoured two-tier system of Panchayati Raj in the place of three- tier one as recommended by the Balwantrai Mehta Committee. The Ashok Mehta Committee report had not introduced properly due to the change of Central Government in 1980.
In 1985, the Planning Commission set up a committee to review the existing administrative arrangements for rural development and poverty alleviation programme (CAARD) under the Chairmanship of Prof. G.V.K. Rao. The Committee among other things suggested activation of Panchayati Raj Institutions.
☺️ That's all☺️
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