Question

suggest ways to access and retention of child in school

Answer 1

Educational quality has been defined in a variety of ways, focusing either on:

INPUTS 
(e.g., financial resources, teachers and other human resources, instructional materials and physical facilities);

PROCESSES
(nature of interaction in educational activities involving students, teachers, administrators, materials and technologies);

CONTENT
(knowledge, skills and attitudes being transmitted through the curriculum);

OUTPUTS
(relatively short-term consequences, such as students’ cognitive achievement, skills and attitudes); and

OUTCOMES

longer-term consequences, such as school leavers’ employment, earnings, and civic participation) (Adams, 1993; Lockheed & Verspoor, 1990).

The relationship between access/retention and quality in education is also complex. For instance, increasing enrolment without a commensurate increase in educational inputs (e.g., classrooms, teachers) may lower the quality of education, whether defined in terms of processes, outputs, or outcomes (World Bank/IEG, 2006).

Additionally, improving educational quality – however defined – may increase enrolment, by encouraging families to send their children/youth to school and encouraging children/youth to remain in school (UNESCO, 2005).