Question

summary of lesson tissues answer in brief other wise answer will be reported

Answer 1

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Summary of class 9 TISSUES

>> Tissues : A group of cells that are similar in structure and/or work together to achieve a particular function forms a tissue.

>> Difference between Animal and Plant tissue.

• Plants are Stationary or Fixed whereas Animals move around in search of food and shelter.

• Growth in Plants are non-uniform whereas Growth in Animals are more uniform.

• Animals have far more specialised tissues than Plant tissues.

>> Plant tissues [Meristamatic and Permanent ]

1. Meristamatic tissues [Apical meristem, Lateral, Intercalary, ]

[ Dense cytoplasm
Thin cellulose walls.
Prominent nuclei
lack vacoules]

• Apical Meristem [Present at tips
Increases the length of stem and root.]

• Lateral Meristem [Increases the girth of stem or root
Also known as cambuim]

• Intercalary Meristem [ Present at the base of leaves or internodes on twigs ]

2. Permanent tissues [Simple and Complex]

*Differentiation : The process in which meristamatic tissues take up a permanent shape, size and a function

1. Simple permanent tissue [Parenchyma, (collenchyma, aerenchyma), Chlorenchyma, Schlerenchyma]

• Parenchyma [thin cell walls
live cells
loosely packed
have inter cellular spaces
provides support
stores food]

* Aerenchyma : A type of Parenchyma which gives aquatic plants the buoyancy to ❓float.

* Chlorenchyma : A type of Parenchyma which contains chlorophyll.

• Collenchyma [Flexibility of plants.
provides easy bending
provides mechanical suoport.
living
elongated
irregularly thickened at corners
little intercellular space]

• Schlerenchyma [Plants make hard and stiff
eg : husk of coconut
tissues are dead
long and narrow
walls are thickened due to lignin
No internal space
present in stems, around vascular bundles, veins of leaves etc.]

> Outermost layer of cells is called Eperdemis. [ single layer of cells
protector against water loss
no intercullar space
stomata is present
function : water absorption]

> Cork [ Dead
compactly arranged
no intercellular space
suberin is present ]

2. Complex Permanent tissue [Xylem, Phloem

* Xylem and Phloem are collectively called Vascular tissues.

• Xylem [Consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem Parenchyma (tfvp)
Have thick walls
dead cells
transport water and minerals vertically]

• Phloem [ Consists of seive tubes, companion cells, Phloem fibres, Phloem Parenchyma
Transport foods in both directions
living cells ]

> Animal tissues [Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous]

1. Epithelial tissues [ Squamous, Cubodial, coloumnar, Staritified Squamous]

Covering and protective tissues
tightly packed
no intercellular spaces

#Squamous [ thin and flat
delicate lining
found in oesaphagus and lining of mouth, skin]

# Columnar [found in inner lining of intestine
tissue called cilia is called ciliated columnar epitheluim]

#Ciboidal epitheluim [found in lining of kidney tubules, ducts of salivary glands
provides mechanical support]

*Glandular epitheluim : when a portion folds inward and multicellular gland is formed

2. Connective tissue [Blood, Bone]

• Blood [constitutes RBC, WBC and plateletes
function transport

• Bone [Anchors the muscles
support
strong and non-flexible tissues
composed of calcium and phosphorus compounds]

* Ligament : Two bones are connected [ elastic
considerable strength]

* Tendons : connects Muscles to bones [ great strength
limited flexibility]

*Cartilage : Present in nose, ear, trachea

* Aeoral connective tissue :[ found Skins and muscles, bone marrow
suport internal organs]

*Adipose tissues [Fat storing tissue ]

3. Muscular tissue [Voluntary muscles, Involuntary muscles, cardiac muscles]

Elongated cells
contain special proteins called Contractile proteins

# Voluntary muscles [ Also called Skeletal muscles
Also called Straited Muscles
Long
cylindrical
Unbranched
Uni-nucleate]

# Involuntary Muscles [ Found in iris of eye, bronchi of lungs
Spindle shaped
Unstariated muscles
uni-nucleate

# Cardiac muscles [Muscles of heart
cylindrical
branched
uni-nucleate]

4. Nervous tissue [ The brain, spinal cord and nerve : Nervous system

A neuron consists of
cell body
Nucleas
cytoplasm
axon

Hope it helps
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