Question

SUMMARY OF ''THE FRENCH REVOLUTION'' it should be big.


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Answer 1

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION:

French Revolution is one of the greatest events in the history of Europe. French Revolution shaped the ideas of many countries on the lines of better governance. French Revolution taught the world some Political concepts like Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. The word "Republic" also got priority after the French Revolution. French Revolution successfully overthrown Monarchy and established Constitutional Monarchy.

But why this Revolution took place? There are some reasons for the French Revolution.

BACKGROUND:

• France was ruled by Bourbon kings in 1700s.

• Louis XVI ascended the throne in 1774 as the king of France.

• During his reign, Louis XVI helped America in its War of independence.

• France spent a huge amount by supplying food, weapons, medical facilities etc.

• This resulted in the empty of French treasure. There was an economical downfall in France.

• To lift the Economy, Louis XVI divided France into Estates.

• The three estates were Clergy, Nobility and Third estate.

• Clergy was the estate of Church and it's officials.

• Nobility comprised of King and his other nobles.

• Third estate comprised of remaining people like merchants, peasants, etc.

• The first two estates had a privilege to not to pay the taxes.

• Only the third estate paid the taxes to church and government of France.

• This raised the anger in the common people which led to the attack of Bastille.

• Later on the third estate people took control over the France.

• Louis XVI was executed in January in 1793 and the Revolution ended.

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After the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power. This led to another era in French History.

Answer 2

$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Summary\: of \: French \: Revolution:-}}}}$

In late 1700s , there was a time of King Louis XVI.

Louis XVI was such a harsh king that he discriminated people according to their statu and he also gave harsh punishment to third estates people.

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$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Estates:-}}}}$

French society was divided into three Estates.They were:-

• First Estate
• Second Estate
• Third Estate

First Estate:- In this clergy and wealthy people was there.

Second Estate:- In this Nobles were there.

Third Estate:- In this common people and poor people was there

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$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Taxes:-}}}}$

During the rule of Louis XVI rule , common people means people which belongs to third estates had to pay Tithe ( It was a tax levied by the church, comprising one-tenth of the agricultural produce) and Taille ( It was a direct tax to be paid to the state).

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$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Groups \: which \: played \: important\: rule:-}}}}$

There were many groups which played a important rule during this revolution. Firstly, National Assembly was made by the common people.

How National Assembly formed:-

After the protest, members of the Third Estate assembled in the hall of an indoor tennis courts in the grounds of Versailles.They declared themselves as National Assembly and swore not to disperse till they had drafted a constitution for France that would limit the powers of the monarch .They were led by Mirrabeau and Abbe sieyes.

After this , Jacobin club was formed by the Maxmillian Robespierre

The elected assembly formed in France in 1792 was called Convection.

Role in France:-

• It abolished the monarchy and declared Farnce a republic.
• Hereditary monarch Louis XVI and his wife were sentenced to death Robespierre was elected President of the National convention.He followed the severve control and punishment.

The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred as the Region of terror.

Region of Terror:-

• Strict polices of Robespierre
• Economic controls.
• Principal of equality
• Control over churches.

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$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Fall \: of \: Jacobin\: club:-}}}}$

• The fall of Jacobin government allowed wealthier middle classes to seize it's Power.
• A new constitution was introduced which denied the vote to non- propertied section of society.
• The new constitution adopted a directory system.
• This was meant as a safeguard against the concentration of power in a one man executive as under the Jacobins.
• However, the directory often clashed with legislative councils wo then sought to dismiss them.The political instability of the Directory paved the way for the rise of military dictator.Napolean Bonaparte.

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$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Slavery \: Trade:-}}}}$

The triangular slave trade was carried between Europe, Africa and Americans.The slave trade began in the seventeenth century.French merchants sailed from the ports of Bordeaux or Nantes to the African coast, where they bought slave from local chieftains. Branded and shakled the slaves were packed tightly into ships for three month long voyage across the Atlantic to the Caribbean. There they were sold to plantation owners.

It was finally Convection which in 1794 legislated to free all slaves in the French overseas possession.

This however turned out to be a short term measure:- ten years later , Napolean reintroduced slavery.

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$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Main \: philosophers:-}}}}$

• Charles Montsique ( 1689 - 1775 ) main book written by him is The spirit of laws
• Francis Aronet Voltaire ( 1694 - 1778 )
• Jean Jacques Rousseau ( 1712 - 1778 ) book written by him is The social contract
• John Locke ( book written by him is Two treaties of government)

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$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Napolean\: Bonaparte:-}}}}$

He was the commissioner-in-chief of the French Forces. The political instability of the directory paved the way for his rise as a dictator.In 1804, he crowned himself as the Emperor of France.

Achievements of him:-

• He wanted to modernise France by establishing new industries
• He promoted trade by building roads and canals
• He Introduced many laws such as the protection of private property.
• Napoleon set out to conquer neighbouring European countries dispossessing dynasties and creating kingdom.
• A new constitution was framed, as a result of which four legislative bodies and three executive were established.

Finally, Battle of Waterloo sealed the Fate of France in 1815.

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$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Thanks}}}}$