tell me disadvantages of sexual reproduction
Answers
Answer:
1. Less than 50% of the population is capable of gestation.
Sexual reproduction allows a majority of females of child-bearing age to participate in gestation with this method. Males do not generally bear their young, although Mother Nature does have some examples where that option is possible. Individuals who show characteristics of both genders (or no gender) may not have the capability of participating in this part of the reproductive process. That means there is a significant risk to the survival of the species if one or the other sexes is in limited supply.
“The reproduction of mankind is a great marvel and mystery,” said Martin Luther King, Jr. “Had God consulted me in the matter, I should have advised him to continue the generation of the species by fashioning them out of clay.”
2. It requires each gender to find a mate.
Asexual reproduction allows a parent to have a child when the time is right for that process to occur. Sexual reproduction requires the finding of a mate. If one is not found, then it is not possible to produce offspring. Humans work around this issue by creating genetic donation banks where single parents can pursue having a child, but it still requires the use of a surrogate or donated gamete to create the offspring.
Parthenogenesis occurs in nature quite often, including with complex animals like sharks and lizards. We also know that, with assistance, stem cells from female donors can be induced to grow into sperm cells.
3. Outside influences can determine offspring viability.
Because asexual reproduction occurs immediately with a direct genetic transfer, there is a lower risk that the pregnancy will not be viable. There are outside factors that can influence the processes of gestation with sexual reproduction so that a healthy offspring can still develop unwanted changes to their genetic profile. Mothers who drink alcohol during their pregnancy, continue to smoke, or fail to consume enough folic acid can make their otherwise healthy children develop physical or mental disabilities that could impact their entire life.
About 3,000 newborns every year have neural tube birth defects that are directly attributed to a lack of folic acid each year.
4. Sexual reproduction can transfer diseases to another individual.
Sexually transmitted diseases have a profound impact on the reproductive health of any species. More than 1 million new STIs are acquired each day around the world in the human population. There are over 370 million new infections of four common infections: trichomoniasis, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. About 500 million people have an HSV genital infection, while 290 million women have an HPV infection.
The problem with STIs is that many of them have zero symptoms. If a flare-up does occur, then the unwanted side effects might not be recognized as an STI. In 2016, there were almost 1 million women infected with syphilis during their pregnancy, resulting in about 350,000 adverse birth outcomes – including 200,000 newborn deaths or still births.
5. This option for reproduction is not guaranteed.
Couples who are trying to have a child may say that they’re having fun with the process because of the advantages of sexual reproduction, but it is also reflective of this disadvantage. You can do everything correctly, even at the optimal time to create a pregnancy, and not have the result that you want. People and animals can sometimes choose infertile mates, limiting their opportunities to have offspring. The gametes may not fuse together either.
According to information published by RESOLVE, 1 in 8 couples will have trouble either getting pregnant or carrying their pregnancy to term. That means about 12% of women will face this disadvantage at some point in their life.
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