Question

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Explain the Quantum mechanical model of atom.


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Answer 1

Rutherford scattering experiment➡

in order to under stand arrangement is electrone and proton in atom, Rutherford and his student(hans Geiger and Ernest Masden) in 1909 perform series of experiment known as Rutherford scattering experiment.

In their experiment they bombard a target of atom by sub atomic projectiles. these projectiles are called alpha(α) particals were obtained from radioactive substance. alpha particals are highly positively charged helium ion having charge +2 and mass 4μ. they bombard alpha partical on gold foil (pic 1)

they place peace of radioactive substance in lead block.blpck is constructed in such way that only narrow beam of particle could escape. when beam of alpha particals strike on gold foil sorrounded with photographic plate coated with zinc-sulphide it produce flashes of light. since alpha particle are deflect at angle.it mean heavy positive mass is present in atom(proton).(pic 2)

in this experiment they made model of atom as given,

• in an atom entire mass and positive charge concentrated in very small region called nucleus.
• positive charge of atom in nucleus is due to proton.
• nucleus is sorrounded by negatively charged electron which balance positive charge.
• electron are revolving around nucleus in anti-clock wise direction.
• most of space in atom is empty
• nucleus and electron are held tightly by electrostatic force of attraction.

Bohr's model of atom➡

• an atom consist of small heavy positively charged nucleus in center sorrounded by electrons(pic 3)
• atom contain energy level which contain electron according to their tendency.these are numbered as 1,2,3,4,.......so on and K,L,M,N.......also
• energies of electrons in their orbit do not change with time
• only those orbit are permitted on which the angular momentum of electron is whole number multiple of $\frac{h}{2π}$ where h is planck's constat
• energies emmited or absorbed only when an electron jump from one energy level to higher (pic 4)
• bohr's model of atom is most stable model

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Answer 2

Hello. !!!

The Quantum Mechanical Model. ... The quantum mechanical model of the atom uses complex shapes of orbitals (sometimes called electron clouds), volumes of space in which there is likely to be an electron. So, this model is based on probability rather than certainty.

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