Write a biography of Dr. BR Ambedkar..
Answers
Answer:
Dr. B R Ambedkar was born on 14 April 1891 at Mhow in Madhya Pradesh where his father was posted as head instructor of military training school. He belonged to Mahar family of Ratnagiri district in Maharashtra. Mahars were among the several untouchable castes of those times in Maharashtra.
Contents [hide]
Original Surname
Education
Social Influences
Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha
Mahad Satyagrah, 1927
Temple Entry Movements, 1930
Depressed Classes Movement
Contrast with Gandhi on question of untouchability
Political Ideals of Ambedkar Regarding Empowerment of Untouchables
Concept of Democracy
Original Surname
The original surname of Dr. Ambedkar was “Sakpal” but a teacher in his school, who was fond of him changed his surname to his own as Ambedkar. The children of untouchables had to sit apart in classroom and had to bring their own gunny sack from home to sit on them. The same had to be done by Dr. Ambedkar also in his childhood.
Education
He graduated in 1912 from Elphinstone College, Bombay. He was married to Ramabai at the age of 14. With the financial assistance from Maharaja Sayajirao of Baroda, he joined Columbia University in USA in 1913 for higher studies. He was able to obtain his M.A. degree in 1915 for his thesis, ‘Ancient Indian Commerce’. In June 1916 he submitted his thesis on National Dividend for India: A Historic and Analytical Study for his PhD degree. In June 2016, he left Columbia University and joined London School of Economics and Political Science for advance studies. His scholarship was not extended and so he had to leave the study. From 1917 to 1920, he worked as Military Secretary to the Maharaja of Baroda. With the help of Shahu Chhatrapati, Maharaja of Kolhapur, he went back to London in 1920 for further study and obtained MSc (Economics) for his thesis, “Provincial Decentralisation of Imperial Finance in British India” in 1917. In 1923, he obtained DSc (Economics) for his thesis, “The problem of Rupee-Its Origin and Solution.”
Social Influences
During his stay in America, he was deeply influenced by two things. Firstly, it was the fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of USA, which granted freedom to the Negroes. Secondly, he was impressed by the activities of Booker T. Washington, who was a great social reformer and educator of Negros in America. Back home, he was deeply influenced by three great social reformers viz. Kabir, Jyotiba Phule and Gautam Buddha.
His family was a follower of Kabir and Kabir’s teachings of social equality influenced him in early childhood. Jyotiba Phule himself was an untouchable and great social reformer of Maharashtra who for the first time instilled self-confidence among the downtrodden in the history. He had established Satya Sodhak Samaj in 1873 and preached social equality among castes. It was Phule’s influence that Dr. Ambedkar later strived for anti-Brahmanism and amelioration of the masses, their education and economic upliftment. Finally, Buddha’s teachings gave him mental and metaphysical satisfaction and showed the way leading to the emancipation of untouchables.
Further, Dr. Ambedkar was also influenced by the pragmatism of John Dewey, his teacher in America. All these influence led in the development of the social philosophy of Ambedkar on three principles of liberty, equality and fraternity.
It was his conviction that he decided to fight against untouchability and oppression by upper castes.
Explanation:
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Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar is famous as the father of the Indian Constitution. He was a great activist and a social reformer who fought for the rights of Dalits and the upliftment of the socially backward class in the Indian society.
⭐Early Life of B.R.Ambedkar
B.R. Ambedkar was born on 14th April 1891 in Mhow, a small place in Western Madhya Pradesh. He belonged to the ‘untouchable’ Mahar caste. Since his grandfather and father were part of the British army, all Army personnel’s family were required to study and thus Ambedkar had the privilege to study which would otherwise had been denied to low caste people.
⭐Fight against Untouchability
Despite the opportunity given to all students to study, Bhimrao faced a lot of discrimination in school. They had to sit on the floor to study, teachers would not touch their notebooks, they were not allowed to drink water from the public reservoir and it soon etched into his mind that they will remain the ‘untouch’.
He was very fond of reading and read everything he could lay his hands on. Bhimrao was always mocked at by teachers but he went on to get higher education and graduated in Arts. He even won a scholarship for higher studies and was sent to America. He completed his doctorate and went to London to study economics and politics. His scholarship was terminated and he had to return to Baroda. Here he worked as the Defence secretary for the state but he was often ridiculed for being of the ‘Mahar’ caste. Thus he left his job and became a teacher at Sydenham College in Mumbai. He also started a weekly journal, ‘Mooknayak’, with the help of the Maharaja of Kohlapur. The journal criticised the orthodox Hindu beliefs and was a voice against discrimination.
⭐Political Career
He earned enough money to complete his studies in London and then was appointed as barrister in the British bar. Determined to work for eradication of discrimination in India, he returned. He started the ‘Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha’ which provided education and socio-economic improvement to the backward classes. He followed the footsteps of Gandhi to fight for water source and right to enter temples for the untouchables. He also published a book ‘Annihilation of caste’ in which he strongly criticised the discriminative Indian society. He also published ‘Who were the shudras?’ where he explained the formation of untouchables.
⭐The Father of Indian Constitution
He earned the chair as free India’s first law minister and the chairman of the drafting committee of the Indian Constitution. He drafted the Indian constitution in such a way as to provide Indian citizens with freedom of religion, abolish untouchability, provide rights to women and bridge the gap between various Indian classes.
⭐Conversion to Buddhism and Death
Babasaheb converted himself to Budhism after being inspired by their preaching. He even wrote a book ‘The Buddha and his Dhamma’. He died on December 6, 1956. His birthday is celebrated as a public holiday known as Ambedkar jayanti.