Question

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Show that work done by system in Thermodynamics is under non - conventional force.​

Answer 1

Explanation:

A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation, confined in space by walls, with defined permeabilities, which separate it from its surroundings. The surroundings may include other thermodynamic systems, or physical systems that are not thermodynamic systems. A wall of a thermodynamic system may be purely notional, when it is described as being 'permeable' to all matter, all radiation, and all forces.

Answer 2

The First Law of Thermodynamics:

Closed Systems;

The first law of thermodynamics can be simply stated as follows:

• during an interaction between a system and its surroundings, the amount of energy gained by the system must be exactly equal to the amount of energy lost by the surroundings.

• be exactly equal to the amount of energy lost by the surroundings.A closed system can exchange energy with its surroundings through heat and work transfer.

• In other words, work and heat are the forms that energy can be transferred across the system boundary.

• across the system boundary.Based on kinetic theory, heat is defined as the energy associated with the random motions of atoms and molecules.

Heat Transfer;

Heat is defined as the form of energy that is transferred between two systems by virtue of a temperature difference.  

Note: there cannot be any heat transfer between two systems that are at the same temperature.

Note: It is the thermal (internal) energy that can be stored in a system. Heat is a form of energy in transition and as a result can only be identified at the system boundary. Heat has energy units kJ (or BTU). Rate of heat transfer is the amount of heat transferred per unit time.

Heat is a directional (or vector) quantity; thus, it has magnitude, direction and point of action.  

Notation:

• – Q (kJ) amount of heat transfer
• – Q° (kW) rate of heat transfer (power)
• – q (kJ/kg) ‐ heat transfer per unit mass
• – q° (kW/kg) ‐ power per unit mass

Sign convention: Heat Transfer to a system is positive, and heat transfer from a system is

Heat Transfer to a system is positive, and heat transfer from a system is negative. It means any heat transfer that increases the energy of a system is positive, and

Heat Transfer to a system is positive, and heat transfer from a system is negative. It means any heat transfer that increases the energy of a system is positive, and heat transfer that decreases the energy of a system is negative.