Question

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Explain lysozyme in detail


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Answer 1

Answer:

Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system. Lysozyme is a glycoside hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan, which is the major component of gram-positive bacterial cell wall. This hydrolysis in turn compromises the integrity of bacterial cell walls causing lysis of the bacteria.

Answer 2

Answer :

Lysozyme, enzyme found in the secretions (tears) of the lacrimal glands of animals and in nasal mucus, gastric secretions, and egg white. Discovered in 1921 by Sir Alexander Fleming, lysozyme catalyzes the breakdown of certain carbohydrates found in the cell walls of certain bacteria (e.g., cocci).

✠ Function :

The enzyme functions by attacking, hydrolyzing, and breaking glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycans. The enzyme can also break glycosidic bonds in chitin, although not as effectively as true chitinases.

✠ Mechanism :

• The Phillips Mechanism proposed that the enzyme's catalytic power came from both steric strain on the bound substrate and electrostatic stabilization of an oxo-carbenium intermediate.

• From X-ray crystallographic data, Phillips proposed the active site of the enzyme, where a hexasaccharide binds.

• The lysozyme distorts the fourth sugar (in the D or -1 subsite) in the hexasaccharide into a half-chair conformation. In this stressed state, the glycosidic bond is more easily broken.

✠ Chemical synthesis :

The first chemical synthesis of a lysozyme protein was attempted by Prof. George W. Kenner and his group at the University of Liverpool in England.This was finally achieved in 2007 by Thomas Durek in Steve Kent's lab at the University of Chicago who made a synthetic functional lysozyme molecule.

✠ External skills :

✰ Muramidase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Proteopedia.

✰ Org HEW Lysozyme PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Lysozyme C.

✰ PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Hen egg white Lysozyme C.

⭐ Hope you understand this concept mate ⭐