Question

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$\bold{Question:}$
Explain about the Earthquakes happenings more than 20+ past 1 week. We know that the Earthquake has taken all over the world and mostly in Indonesia we find continues Earthquakes in various places, This Earthquakes has taken even into the oceans and also this may lead to "Tsunami". Explain the disasters possible by this Earthquake.

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Answer 1

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What is an earthquake?

• An unexpected movement of the earth surface is called Earthquake.

• The surface of the earth is like a puzzle.Yes it's not a single piece of land , but approximately there are 20 pieces that constantly move.But we don't feel it because they move quiet slowly.

• An earthquake is the sudden movement of the Earth's tectonic plates, resulting in shaking of the ground.

• Each piece is called as "Tectonic plates."

• So when ever these Tectonic plates Hit or Bump or Slide passed another plate the Earthquake is caused.

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How the earthquakes occur?

• When two parts of the Earth surface more suddenly in relation to each other along a fault line due to tectonic forces an earthquake occurs.

• A tremendous amount of energy is released in the form of tremors and vibrations at earthquakes are called "Tectonic earthquakes".

• Earthquakes are caused by the release of energy that generates waves which travel in all direction causing the shaking of earth surface.

• An earthquake generate under the year than these releases the energy across the point at which the earthquake occurs under the earth is called Hypocentre.

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We have known that earthquake occurs in many places.Lemme explain about some earthquakes which had taken place recently.

Earthquakes are of three types

1. convergent boundary
2. Divergent boundary
3. Transform fault.

The most horrifying earthquake recorded till date was of a magnitude of 9.5 out of 10 this happened in Valdivia in southern Chile in 1960.

Another one that happen in Japan in Tohuku region was of magnitude 9.0 which happened on March 11, 2011. This earthquake caused massive and enormous damage and destruction and took away nearly 16,000 people's life.

Geologists use a device that can send the Waves created by the movement of the tectonic plates these waves are known as systemic waves and the device is called a Sesmographic .

The highly earthquake prone countries in the world are

• Japan(Richter Scale 8.9)
• Nepal(Richter scale 8.1)
• India(Richter scale 5.5)
• Ecuador (Richter scale 5.3)
• Philippines (Richter scale 6.6) etc.

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• Intensity of Earthquake:-

• Distance from the epicentre

• Type of ground material

• Amount of energy at the epicenter

• Depth of earth focus

• Type of rocks and degrees of consolidation .

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Geographical Impacts of earthquake:-

• Landslides.

• Damming of rivers and floods .

• Raising or lowering seafloor

• Raising or lowering coastal regions .

• Fault formation.

• change in surface and underground circulation of water .

• Tsunamis and consequent damage.

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Economic impacts of earthquake:-

• Damage to oil pipelines ,electric wires and consequent fire .

• Devastation of cities fire and diseases.

• Falling off buildings.

• Loss of life and property

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The disaster possible by earthquake:-

The disasters are two types:-

• Natural disaster
• Man made Disaster

Natural Disaster:-

It is the disaster which is caused by the imbalance of environment is called natural disaster .

Ex:-

• Volconic eruptions.
• Tsunamis
• Flooding
• Droughts
• Groundwater extraction
• Liquefaction etc.

Man Made disasters:-

It is the disasters which were made by the human beings called man made disaster .

Ex:-

• Bhopal gas tragedy.It is a gas leak incident .Which took place in 1984.This disaster occurred just due to the human carlessness.

• Recently the Visakhapatnam gas leak also had done it was an industrial accident that occurred at the LG Polymers chemical plant in RR venkatapuram village on May 2020.

Answer 2

⚡ Thanks for the informative question!

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Earthquakes are caused by movements of the tectonic plates on the crust. The crust is divided into several major and minor plates, there are seven major plates estimated. They seems to be jigasw puzzle which unevern boundaries. Most of the earthquakes occur at cracks called faults. These are the boundaries where the plates meet.

• Every minute, thousands of earthquakes fakes place all over the world, the ground shakes somewhere in the world. Most of them are minor tremors which are barely noticed.

• When major earthquake, the ground shakes violently, and the buildings, bridges, roads break and topple.

• Almost 80% of all the planet's earthquakes occur along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, called the "Ring of Fire"; which also have 450+ volcanoes (over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes) which are mostly caused by the earthquakes.

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The plates under the crust, when slowly shift the rocks above the ground are put under pressure. They stick or get stretched and are shattered on the ground. Seismic waves radiate from the earthquake's forces, under the ground. The epicenter, the point just above the focus on the ground suffers the worst damage.

• The largest recorded earthquake in the world was a magnitude 9.5 in Chile on May 22, 1960.

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Th Earthquake can strike anywhere but Most of the earthquakes along the plate boundaries. ✒ In the attachment, I have provided a map which shows the places where there is most chances of earthquakes. The places near the Pacific plate are really under a harse damage due to earthquakes.

• Alaska is the most earthquake-prone state and one of the most seismically active regions in the world. It experiences earthquakes and volcanic eruptions every year.

⚠️ The Earthquakes can also trigger landslides(in hilly areas), avalanches(in snowy places), volcanic eruptions(in islands) and giant waves at sea, which is also known as tsunami.

• An underwater earthquake took place in the Indian oceans which gave rise to series of tsunamis in Indian subcontinent on Dec 26,2004.

• India suffers earthquakes in different places like recently, at Port Blair.

❇ Most recent earthquakes all ove the world within a week were:

• Peru
• Port Blair, India (Today morning)
• Japan
• Puerto Rico
• Alaska, USA
• Papua New Guinea ⤵️

⚠️ Yesterday, Only I was watching the news channel and I got to know that within a week, nearly 20-30 earthquakes took place all ove the world. Out of them, The earthquake at Papua New Guinea was the strongest of nearly 7 magnitude. Most of the places, are near the plate boundaries.

❇ Seismology is the study of earthquakes.

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The people who study the earthquakes are known as Seismologists. They examine the behaviour of the seismic waves and find about its structure and related predictions. They use Seismograph for this purpose, which measure the intensity of the earthquakes.

• The magnitude of the earthquake like 4,5,6, or 7 as in the above case, is measured using Richter scale.

• Also they measure the damage caused by the earthquake using merallic scale.

❇ Although these circumstances, we should always be prepared for earthquakes because they are natural things and can happen Anytime, anywhere. So, we need to take proper measures like constructing quake proof buildings, etc. ✌ We should be aware of the preventive measures.

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