Write the allotopic form of phosphorus
Answers
There are different allotropic forms of phosphorus in nature. The important allotropic forms of phosphorus are white phosphorus, black phosphorus and red phosphorous.
White Phosphorus Properties:
Translucent like white waxy solid
Poisonous in nature
Less stable and more reactive
Does not dissolve in water
When mixed with carbon disulphide it dissolves
Glows in the dark(chemiluminescence)
Further, the white form of it dissolves in NaOH in an inert atmosphere giving PH3. The reaction that takes place is as follows:
P4+3NaOH+3H20→PH3+3NaH2PO2
(Sodium Hypophosphite)
Due to the angular strain in P4 molecule (wherein the angle is 60∘), In the presence of air, it readily catches fire and gives out dense white fumes of P4O10. The reaction is as follows: P4+5O2→P4O10
On heating white P4 at 573K in an inert atmosphere for several days, red phosphorus is obtained. Further, on heating it under high pressure, a series of phases of black form is formed.
Red phosphorus properties:
Has iron grey lustre
Odourless
Non-poisonous
Solubility properties: does not dissolve in water and carbon disulphide
Does not glow in the dark
Chemically, white phosphorus is more reactive than red phosphorus
It is polymeric and consists of chains of P4 tetrahedra linked together
Black Phosphorus properties:
α-black and β-black are two forms of black phosphorus. When red phosphorus is heated in a sealed tube at 803K, an α-black form is formed. It can be sublimed in the air and has either rhombohedral crystals or opaque monoclinic. It does not oxidize in the air. When white form is heated under high pressure at 473 K β-Black is formed. It does not burn in the air up to 673K.
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