Question

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Describe about the French society before 1789


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Answer 1

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• the idea of envisaging of society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all were put forth by philosopher such as john locke and Jean roussea in his own two treatises of government .
• Locke sought to refute the doctrine of divine and absolute right of monarch.
• Rousseau carried the idea forward, proposing the form of government based on social contract between people and representative.

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Answer 2

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Describe about the French society before 1789

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The city was divided into separate estates prior to the French revolution. The first estate that consisted of priests was there. Then there was the second estate of noblemen, then the third estate of peasants, etc. The middle class, composed of lawyers, merchants and so on, emerged during the French revolution. France divided society into three estates under the Ancien Régime (before the French Revolution):-the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners). The king was considered not to be part of any estate.

$\text{1. The First Estate}$

• The First Estate included the clergy as a whole, usually divided into "higher" and "lower" clergy. There was no specific demarcation between the two groups, the upper clergy, from the Second Estate families, were, essentially, clerical aristocracy. Every bishop in France was a nobleman in the age of Louis XVI, a circumstance which had not existed even before the 18th century.

$\text{2. The Second Estate}$

• The Second Estate was the aristocracy and monarchy of the French (technically, but not in common use), other than the king himself, who remained outside the estate system.

$\text{3. The Third Estate}$

• The Third Estate included all those who were not part of any of the above and could be divided into two classes, public and private, making up more than 90% of the population of France. Free peasants (who owned their own land) who could be wealthy and villains (serfs, or peasants employed on a noble land) were included in the rural ones.

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