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Specifically, it means the substance that gives away electrons is oxidized. When iron reacts with oxygen it forms a chemical called rust because it has been oxidized (the iron has lost some electrons) and the oxygen has been reduced (the oxygen has gained some electrons). Oxidation is the opposite of reduction.
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Oxidation Definition
Oxidation is the loss of electrons during a reaction by a molecule, atom or ion.
Oxidation occurs when the oxidation state of a molecule, atom or ion is increased. The opposite process is called reduction, which occurs when there is a gain of electrons or the oxidation state of an atom, molecule, or ion decreases.
An example of a reaction is that between hydrogen and fluorine gas to form hydrofluoric acid:
H2 + F2 → 2 HF
In this reaction, hydrogen is being oxidized and fluorine is being reduced. The reaction may be better understood if it is written in terms of two half-reactions.
H2 → 2 H+ + 2 e-
F2 + 2 e- → 2 F-
Note there is no oxygen anywhere in this reaction!
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