Question

$\rm \red {Questions}$

Very Short Answer Type Questions :-

1. Name two ancestors of Mughals.

2. Who defeated Humayun at Kanauj?

3. Name two famous books written during Akbar's reign.

4. Which Mughal ruler insulted Shivaji?

5. When did Jahangir die?

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Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why did Babur come to India?

2. Why did Akbar build the Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri?

3. How many provinces were there in the Mughal Empire and how were they divided?

4. Who were mansabdars? What was the relation between the mansabdar and the Jagir?

5. Who were zamindars? What were their role in Mughal administration?

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Long Answer Type Questions

1. Ibrahim Lodi had a huge army, yet he was defeated. Give reasons for his defeat.

2. Why did Humayun fled to Iran? Did he return?

3. Write a short note on Sher Shah Suri.

4. How was land revenue assessed by Raja Todar Mal?

5. Describe the 'Mansabdari' system.

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Note :-

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Answer 1

1.

1. The Mughals took great pride in their ancestry. They claimed to be descended from both the 14th-century Turkic warlord Tīmūr (Tamerlane) and the even more formidable Mongol conqueror Genghis (Chingiz) Khan (d. 1227).
2. Sher Shah of Sur
3. Akbarnama and Ain-i-Akbari are two of his famous works in which he has provided the most comprehensive account of the Mughal Empire.
4. Aurangzeb Shivaji
5. 28 October 1627

2.

1. Babur was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi, a rebel of the Lodi dynasty, in 1524, to invade North India and fight the dynasty and their enemies in Rajputana. Rajputana was ruled by a Hindu Rajput confederacy, led by Mewar king Rana Sanga. 5. In 1526, Babur won the Battle of Panipat against Ibrahim Lodi, the Lodi king.
2. The House of Worship or the Ibadat Khana was established by Mughal Emperor Akbar (1542-1605 CE) for conducting religious debates and discussions among theologians and professors of different religions
3. Initially, after the administrative reforms of Akbar, the Mughal empire was divided into 12 subahs : Kabul, Lahore, Multan, Delhi, Agra, Avadh, Illahabad, Bihar, Bangalah, Malwa, Ajmer and Gujarat.
4. The term mansabdar refers to an individual who holds a mansab, which means a position or rank. It was a grading system used by the Mughals to fix the rank, salary and military responsibilities. Each mansabdar had to maintain a specified number of sawar or cavalrymen. A jagir was a revenue assignment for the mansabdars.
5. The role of the zamindar in Mughal administration was to collect the revenues and taxes from the peasants that were a source of income for the Mughals. They acted as an intermediate between the Mughals and the peasants and in some areas the zamindars exercised a great deal of power.

3.

1. It is correctly seen that Ibrahim Lodhi had a huge army then also he was defeated by the Babur. It is due to field artillery, cannon. The sound of cannon was so loud that it frightened Ibrahim Lodhi's elephants and trampled Lodhi's men.
2. Humayun had to flee because he was defeated twice by Sher Shah ; first at the battle of chausa and second at the battle of kanauj. Yes, he returned after five years when sher shah died.
3. Sher Shah Suri (1486 – 22 May 1545), born Farīd Khān , was the founder of the Suri Empire in India, with its capital in Sasaram in modern-day Bihar. He introduced the currency of rupee. An ethnic Afghan ruler, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1540
4. Raja Todar Mal, as finance minister of Akbar, introduced a new system of revenue known as zabt and a system of taxation called dahshala. ... On this basis, tax was fixed on each crop in cash. Each province was divided into revenue circles with their own rates of revenue and a schedule of individual crops.
5. The Mansabdari system was the administrative system introduced by Akbar in Mughal Empire during 1571. The word 'Mansab' is of Arabic origin meaning rank or position. Hence, Mansabdari was a system of ranking the government officials and determined their civil & military duties, along with their renumerations

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Answer 2

$\huge\sf {\underline {\underline {Answer :-}}}$

$\implies$Jenghiz khan and Timur(Tamburlaine)

$\implies$Sher Shah

$\implies$Akbarnama and Ain-i-Akbari

$\implies$Aurangzeb

$\implies$28 October 1627

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$\implies$Babur was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi, a rebel of the Lodi dynasty, in 1524, to invade North India and fight the dynasty and their enemies in Rajputana.

$\implies$The House of Worship or the Ibadat Khana was established by Mughal Emperor Akbar (1542-1605 CE) for conducting religious debates and discussions among theologians and professors of different religions.

$\implies$Initially, after the administrative reforms of Akbar, the Mughal empire was divided into 12 subahs : Kabul, Lahore, Multan, Delhi, Agra, Avadh, Illahabad, Bihar, Bangalah, Malwa, Ajmer and Gujarat.The whole Mughal empire was divided into 15 Subas or provinces. The Suba was further divided into a number of Sarkars and each of these was further divided into a number of Parganas. A group of villages were made one Pargana.

$\implies$The term mansabdar refers to an individual who holds a mansab, which means a position or rank. It was a grading system used by the Mughals to fix the rank, salary and military responsibilities. Each mansabdar had to maintain a specified number of sawar or cavalrymen. A jagir was a revenue assignment for the mansabdars.

$\implies$The role of the zamindar in Mughal administration was to collect the revenues and taxes from the peasants that were a source of income for the Mughals. They acted as an intermediate between the Mughals and the peasants and in some areas the zamindars exercised a great deal of power.

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$\implies$ Some reasons for defeat of Ibrahim Lodi are

REASON 1- Use of artillery and cannons in battle.

Actually Babur was the first to introduce the use of cannons in India. So with the use of cannons he easily destroyed lodis army because it was cannons which actually defeated lodi. Being having an outnumbered army against Babur cannons and artillery charge of Babur's army destroyed lodis army.

REASON 2- use of arbas and tulugas.

Babur used chariots in the battle. This gave him and his army great mobility in battle. Mongols never had very large fleet of infantry. Use of cavalyr and arbas and their effective arrow which can tear any shield made Mongols almost invincible. Tulugas means dividing the army into many corps. Babur actually divided his army in 5 to 11 corps and this gave his army great mobility and maneuverability in battle. Ibrahim just pushed all his army in single front. This mistake of ibrahim lodi cost his own life

REASON 3- Quality of fighting

Babur 's men were highly skilled and trained . They were very good swordsman and archer and Babur was also a very great warrior. While ibrahim lodi's men were poorly trained and he has pride on the size of his army like Dhananand.

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