Biology, asked by DarshanMS9161, 11 months ago

Thallophyta bryophyta and pteridophyta divisions and write a description of each

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Answered by 523praneeth
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Answer:

 1) Thallophyta:-thallophytes (Thallophyta orThallobionta) are a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms traditionally described as "thalloid plants", "relatively simple plants" or "lower plants". These plants mainly grow in water. They were a defunct division ofkingdom Plantae that included fungus, lichensand algae and occasionally bryophytes,bacteria and the Myxomycota. Thallophytes have a hidden reproductive system and hence they are also called Cryptogamae (together with ferns), as opposed to Phanerogamae. The thallophytes are defined as having undifferentiated bodies (thalli), as opposed tocormophytes (Cormophyta) with roots and stems.

Examples of thallophyta are;

Spyrogyra

Ulothrix

Cladophora

2)bryophyta :-Bryophytes are an informal group consisting of three divisions of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts andmosses.[1] They are characteristically limited in size and prefer moist habitats although they can survive in drier environments.[2] The bryophytes consist of about 20,000 plant species.[3][4] Bryophytes produce enclosed reproductive structures (gametangia and sporangia), but they do not produce flowers orseeds. They reproduce via spores. Bryophytes are usually considered to be a paraphyleticgroup and not a monophyletic group, although some studies have produced contrary results. Regardless of their status, the name is convenient and remains in use as an informal collective term. The term "bryophyte" comes from Greek βρύον, bryon "tree-moss, oyster-green" and φυτόν, phyton "plant".

There are many examples of Bryophyte but first of all mainly Bryophyte are divided into 3 main groups which discribe as follow

LiverwortHornwortAnd the most commonly known areMosses

3)pteridophyta:-

Polypodiophyta: Athyrium filix-femina

Lycopodiophyta: Lycopodiella inundata

A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylemand phloem) that disperses spores (and lacks seeds). Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are also referred to as "cryptogams". The pteridophytes include the ferns, horsetails, and the lycophytes (clubmosses,spikemosses, and quillworts). These are not amonophyletic group because ferns and horsetails are more closely related to seed plants than to the lycophytes. Therefore, "Pteridophyta" is no longer a widely accepted taxon, although the term pteridophyte remains in common parlance, as do pteridology andpteridologist as a science and its practitioner, to indicate lycophytes and ferns as an informal grouping, such as the International Association of Pteridologists and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.

some 6 m of hight.

Examples :-

Ferns,Horsetails,Azolla

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