Question

The atomic number of element X and Y are 20,26 respectively.When these elements combines with chlorine there compounds XCl2,YCl2,YCl3 are formed.What is the speciality of the oxidation number of Y compared to that of X? Explain the reason for this,on the basis of the subshell based electronic configuration?​

Answer 1

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The element X is calcium

The element Y is iron

Calcium forms only CaCl₂ whereas Iron forms both FeCl₂ as well as FeCl₃ . This is because of the d subshell that Iron atom has.

Calcium can lose only two electrons and form CaCl₂

But, due to the d-shell present in Fe, when it forms FeCl₂, the configuration of d-shell in FeCl₂ is d⁶. When it again loses an electron to form FeCl₃ it forms a stable half-filled d⁵ configuration. That's why Fe has a variable oxidation state

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