The biochemical substances produced in plants are 2 types what are they explain
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Closely related fields include plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.
Fundamental processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function and transpiration, both parts of plant water relations, are studied by plant physiologists.
The chemical elements of which plants are constructed—principally carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc.—are the same as for all other life forms animals, fungi, bacteria and even viruses. Only the details of the molecules into which they are assembled differs.
Despite this underlying similarity, plants produce a vast array of chemical compounds with unique properties which they use to cope with their environment. Pigments are used by plants to absorb or detect light, and are extracted by humans for use in dyes. Other plant products may be used for the manufacture of commercially important rubber or biofuel. Perhaps the most celebrated compounds from plants are those with pharmacological activity, such as salicylic acid from which aspirin is made, morphine, and digoxin. Drug companies spend billions of dollars each year researching plant compounds for potential medicinal benefits.
Constituent elements Edit
Further information: Plant nutrition
Plants require some nutrients, such as carbon and nitrogen, in large quantities to survive. Some nutrients are termed macronutrients, where the prefix macro- (large) refers to the quantity needed, not the size of the nutrient particles themselves. Other nutrients, called micronutrients, are required only in trace amounts for plants to remain healthy. Such micronutrients are usually absorbed as ions dissolved in water taken from the soil, though carnivorous plants acquire some of their micronutrients from captured prey.
The following tables list element nutrients essential to plants. Uses within plants are generalized.
Macronutrients – necessary in large quantities
Element Form of uptake Notes
Nitrogen NO3−, NH4+ Nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, etc.
Oxygen O2 H2O Cellulose, starch, other organic compounds
Carbon CO2 Cellulose, starch, other organic compounds
Hydrogen H2O Cellulose, starch, other organic compounds
Potassium K+ Cofactor in protein synthesis, water balance, etc.
Calcium Ca2+ Membrane synthesis and stabilization
Magnesium Mg2+ Element essential for chlorophyll
Phosphorus H2PO4− Nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP
Sulfur SO42− Constituent of proteins
Micronutrients – necessary in small quantities
Element Form of uptake Notes
Chlorine Cl− Photosystem II and stomata function
Iron Fe2+, Fe3+ Chlorophyll formation and nitrogen fixation
Boron HBO3 Crosslinking pectin
Manganese Mn2+ Activity of some enzymes and photosystem II
Zinc Zn2+ Involved in the synthesis of enzymes and chlorophyll
Copper Cu+ Enzymes for lignin synthesis
Molybdenum MoO42− Nitrogen fixation, reduction of nitrates
Nickel Ni2+ Enzymatic cofactor in the metabolism of nitrogen compounds