The book reason in histology is written by...............
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For centuries, histology has maintained its remarkable place in the medical curriculum. However, its teaching has been influenced by the new technological advancement that has reshaped medicine teaching into a more modern student-friendly form. Since its inception in the 18th century, the discipline of histology has progressed hand in hand with the advancements in microscopy and microscopic technologies, including immunohistochemistry.
In the traditional curriculum of USA medical schools, especially after the first Flexner’s report of 1910, histology was considered as very essential topic for a physician studying the “Art and Science” of medicine. In this era, the teaching relied more on the light microscope and to some extent on the electron microscope. However, the field nowadays, after the second Flexner’s report, which stressed the importance of integrating clinical topics in the curriculum, is shifting towards the use of more electronic resources for teaching. Such new resources rely on information technology and electronic imaging modalities which are considered to be more student-friendly, time efficient, consistent in conveying the images, promote self-learning and are less costly. In fact, in the last 25 years, most universities started relying on virtual microscopy with limited use of the light microscopy by the students. Such an approach facilitated curricular integration of histology into histopathology and provided the opportunity to promote self-learning and clinical relevance. In the era of competency-based curriculum, histology remains an essential and indispensable basic science in the integrated modules.
The Father of Histology
Histology, the study of details of tissues, came into usage in the 1700s by the scientist Marie François Xavier Bichat. Bichat is now considered to be the father of modern histology and descriptive anatomy. Bichat’s work on 21 tissues was all based on gross dissection rather than the usage of the microscope [4]. Prior to that, Marcello Malpighi was the first scientist to observe capillaries, and thus was considered to be the true “Father of Histology” [5].
It was only until 1819 that Mayer coined the term “Histology”. He combined two Greek root words that are histos, for tissues, and logos, for study. Histos originally was to describe any woven material, until Sir Richard Owen suggested the large usage of it in 1844 [5].
The Evolution of the Microscope and Staining Techniques
Microscopy has experienced great advancement since its creation. At the end of the 16th century, Jannsen, a Dutch eyeglass dealer, inserted lenses into a cylinder. He found out then that the objects were magnified, and that was the first prototype of modern microscopy. Jannsen later assembled the first microscope, which included two convex lenses [3]. In 1670, Dutch scientist Anthony van Leeuwenhoek evolved the method of the microscope of a higher magnification and better image quality. At that time, lenses were formed from beads and natural light; otherwise, light from a candle flame was needed to light the tissues [3].
In the traditional curriculum of USA medical schools, especially after the first Flexner’s report of 1910, histology was considered as very essential topic for a physician studying the “Art and Science” of medicine. In this era, the teaching relied more on the light microscope and to some extent on the electron microscope. However, the field nowadays, after the second Flexner’s report, which stressed the importance of integrating clinical topics in the curriculum, is shifting towards the use of more electronic resources for teaching. Such new resources rely on information technology and electronic imaging modalities which are considered to be more student-friendly, time efficient, consistent in conveying the images, promote self-learning and are less costly. In fact, in the last 25 years, most universities started relying on virtual microscopy with limited use of the light microscopy by the students. Such an approach facilitated curricular integration of histology into histopathology and provided the opportunity to promote self-learning and clinical relevance. In the era of competency-based curriculum, histology remains an essential and indispensable basic science in the integrated modules.
The Father of Histology
Histology, the study of details of tissues, came into usage in the 1700s by the scientist Marie François Xavier Bichat. Bichat is now considered to be the father of modern histology and descriptive anatomy. Bichat’s work on 21 tissues was all based on gross dissection rather than the usage of the microscope [4]. Prior to that, Marcello Malpighi was the first scientist to observe capillaries, and thus was considered to be the true “Father of Histology” [5].
It was only until 1819 that Mayer coined the term “Histology”. He combined two Greek root words that are histos, for tissues, and logos, for study. Histos originally was to describe any woven material, until Sir Richard Owen suggested the large usage of it in 1844 [5].
The Evolution of the Microscope and Staining Techniques
Microscopy has experienced great advancement since its creation. At the end of the 16th century, Jannsen, a Dutch eyeglass dealer, inserted lenses into a cylinder. He found out then that the objects were magnified, and that was the first prototype of modern microscopy. Jannsen later assembled the first microscope, which included two convex lenses [3]. In 1670, Dutch scientist Anthony van Leeuwenhoek evolved the method of the microscope of a higher magnification and better image quality. At that time, lenses were formed from beads and natural light; otherwise, light from a candle flame was needed to light the tissues [3].
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In the 19th century histology was an academic discipline in its own right. The French anatomist Xavier Bichat introduced the concept of tissue in anatomy in 1801, and the term "histology" (German: Histologie), coined to denote the "study of tissues", first appeared in a book by Karl Meyer in 1819.
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