the British originally came as a small trading company and we're reluctant to acquire territorities . then how did they become the masters of a vast empire?
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British never really conquered India. It happened in phases such that the people never really understood that they were being conquered.
British came to India during the 1600's. They came to India as traders and they did not harbour any political ambitions. Slowly, they extended the trade to various parts of India and several British officials had to reside for a long time in the country. As such they started building "factories" which stationed British officials and several British soldiers (with permission of the rulers). This ensured that a political upheaval against the rulers would not affect the British.
The equations changed with the arrival of French. Although they also arrived as traders, the French governor general Joseph-François Dupleix dreamed of a French empire in the sub continent. He started favoring kings, taking sides in battles, and, if the side he supported won, demanded greater power for the French. This angered the British and they also adopted the French modus operandi. Soon the French and British started commanding military and economic powers but shunned complete takeover of the kingdoms and administrative responsibility.
Concurrently, wars were being fought between France and Britain in Europe. As per the peace settlement after the wars, France left India, and Britain became the sole dominant European power in India. The major reason for France leaving India was the downfall of Dupleix due to corruption charges and the lack of zeal of other governors to continue his mission.
East India Company had now realised that divided India could easily be controlled by them, if they do not officially become the rulers but remain 'helpers' of the king. Battle of Plassey established its military strength in the sub continent. The Indian rulers realised that the British had indirectly taken control over them but found themselves helpless in doing anything against it.
With policies and politics, it started taking over the kingdoms on different pretexts (fights for the throne, absence of the son of the king, inability of the king to provide tributes). But, even now, the company saw it only as a monetary opportunity and did not try to legitimize or galvanise their political control over India.
Finally, after the revolt of 1857, the crown assumed the responsibility of the Indian empire. After that, a military victory against the British in India was impossible and the people had to accept the new rulers. Things began to change after the arrival of Gandhi in the political scenario. He began mass movements against the British and made independent India a reality.
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British came to India during the 1600's. They came to India as traders and they did not harbour any political ambitions. Slowly, they extended the trade to various parts of India and several British officials had to reside for a long time in the country. As such they started building "factories" which stationed British officials and several British soldiers (with permission of the rulers). This ensured that a political upheaval against the rulers would not affect the British.
The equations changed with the arrival of French. Although they also arrived as traders, the French governor general Joseph-François Dupleix dreamed of a French empire in the sub continent. He started favoring kings, taking sides in battles, and, if the side he supported won, demanded greater power for the French. This angered the British and they also adopted the French modus operandi. Soon the French and British started commanding military and economic powers but shunned complete takeover of the kingdoms and administrative responsibility.
Concurrently, wars were being fought between France and Britain in Europe. As per the peace settlement after the wars, France left India, and Britain became the sole dominant European power in India. The major reason for France leaving India was the downfall of Dupleix due to corruption charges and the lack of zeal of other governors to continue his mission.
East India Company had now realised that divided India could easily be controlled by them, if they do not officially become the rulers but remain 'helpers' of the king. Battle of Plassey established its military strength in the sub continent. The Indian rulers realised that the British had indirectly taken control over them but found themselves helpless in doing anything against it.
With policies and politics, it started taking over the kingdoms on different pretexts (fights for the throne, absence of the son of the king, inability of the king to provide tributes). But, even now, the company saw it only as a monetary opportunity and did not try to legitimize or galvanise their political control over India.
Finally, after the revolt of 1857, the crown assumed the responsibility of the Indian empire. After that, a military victory against the British in India was impossible and the people had to accept the new rulers. Things began to change after the arrival of Gandhi in the political scenario. He began mass movements against the British and made independent India a reality.
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Answer:
Short explanation
Explanation:
The British power began to emerge in India
from the second half of the 18th century. The British originally came to India as a small trading company and were reluctant to acquire territories. Ultimately, they became the masters of vast empire.
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