Question

The chemistry of tge actinoid elements is not so smooth as that of the lanthanoids
Justify this statement by giving some examples from the oxidation state of these elements​

Answer 1

Lanthanoids show limited no.of oxidation state , VR+2+3 and +4.This is because of large energy gap between 4f, 5d and 6s subshells. The dominant oxidation state of actinoid us also +3 but they show a no.of other oxidation state also e.g., uranium (z=92) and plutonium (z=94) show+3, +4, +5 and +6

neptunium ( z=94) shows +3, +4 ,+5, and +7 etc., This is due to small energy difference between 5f,6d and 7s subshells of the actionoids

Answer 2

Answer:

Apart from +3 oxidation state, lanthanoids show +2 and +4 oxidation states due to large energy gap between 4f and 5d subshells. Whereas actinoids show large number of oxidation states due to small energy gap between 5f and 6d subshells.

For example, uranium (Z = 92) shows +3, +4, +5 and +6 oxidation states and neptunium (Z=94) shows +3,+4,+5,+6 and +7 oxidation states due to small energy gaps between 5f and 6d orbitals.

Explanation: