Question

The criteria for determining purity of water as a liquid solid and gas in chemistry

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

This depends on the solids and liquids you are using so to get a simple answer, you need to be more specific. Many physical properties could be used depending on the material itself and the methods at your disposal…

Often, in organic chemistry, a sharp melting / freezing point is indicative of purity for solids as is a boiling point for liquids. These methods can be used in schools to illustrate the principle but is not appropriate for all solids and liquids.

Chromatography is a technique often used industrially and at a simpler level in schools to determine how many components there are in a mixture.

Density can even be used - remember the story of Archimedes’ Eureka moment when he realised how to tell if his master’s crown was pure gold or adulterated with silver?

Infra red (ir) spectra for some organic materials and then comparing to a spectrum of a known pure sample could be used. Similarly, for suitable compounds, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (nmr) spectroscopy could be used.

For some substances, a chemical technique to dissolve a sample of metal and chemically analyse them - perhaps using Atomic Absorption spectrometry. This may be coupled with x-ray crystallography to determine that the atoms present are part of a single regular crystal structure or more than one. Crystal parameters can help to identify compounds and allotropes of the same compound.

X-ray analysis of a sample in a scanning electron microscope can allow analysis of minute areas (about a micron across) which can be compared to other areas to compare the composition of grains or inclusions within a material which can vary a lot depending on alloy composition.

There is no single solution to your question and some substances may require their own methods. Please be more specific in your questions and, ideally say at what level you are at in your studies at school since this also affects how people answer your question.