the difference between Akbar and Aurangzeb's religious polices.
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Answer:
Religious Policy of Akbar:
Akbar is known for his liberal ideas and liberal religious policy. He adopted a policy of mutual understanding and reconciliation among followers of different faiths and equality of all religions. He tried to harmonize the relations. He founded a new religion known as ‘Din-i-Ilahi’ based on the common points of all religions. Of course, in this endeavor he was not successful.
Akbar followed the policy of religious toleration on account of the following major considerations:
1. Influence of the age over Akbar:
In the words of Dr. H.N. Sinha:
“The sixteenth century is a century of religious revival in the history of the world. The grand currents of the reformation compare favorably with the staging up of a new life in India. India experienced an awakening that quickened her progress and visualized her national life. The dominant note of this awakening was love and liberalism—love that united man to God and therefore to his brother man and liberalism, born of this love that leveled down the barrier of caste and creed, and took its stand on the bedrock of human existence and essence of all religions—Universal Brotherhood.
With glorious ideals it inspired the Hindus and Muslim alike, and they forgot for a time the trivialities of their creed. To the Muslim as to the Hindu, it heralded the dawn of a new era, to the Muslim with the birth of the promised Mahdi, to the Hindu with the realization of the all-absorbing love of God.”
The Bhakti cult and the Sufis preached religious toleration.
2. Strength and prosperity of an empire depends upon unity of its people:
Dr. V.A. Smith explained the aim of his religious policy in his own words thus:
“For an empire ruled by one head, it was a bad thing to have the members divided among themselves, at variance one with the other…We ought, therefore, to bring them all into one, but in such fashion that they should be one and with the great advantage of not losing what is good in any one religion, while gaining whatever is better in another. In that way honour would be rendered to God, peace would be given to the people and security to the empire.”
3. Truth in every religion.
4. Influence of several personalities.
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Akbar followed a fairly tolerant religious policy, especially his abolishing of Jeziya proves. He had a number of Hindu ministers who belonged to his Navratan. He was ahead of his time, he knew he cannot hold on to power longer if he antagonizes the majority population. But nevertheless, he was tolerant.
But on the other hand Aurangzeb, though very honest, followed a very intolerant religious policy, often to hide his political mistakes and cravings for new lands in the guise of the religious fanaticism.