the envoy written by bhasa
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Bhāsa is one of the earliest and most celebrated Indian playwrights in Sanskrit, predating Kalidasa.
The plays of Bhāsa had been lost for centuries, until the manuscripts were rediscovered in the early 20th century. He was known only from the mentions in other works like the text Kavyamimamsa on poetics written during 880–920 AD. In the Kavyamimamsa, Rajashekhara attributes the play Swapnavasavadattam to Bhāsa. Kālidāsa wrote in the introduction to his first play Malavikagnimitram: "Shall we neglect the works of such illustrious authors as Bhāsa, Saumilla, and Kaviputra? Can the audience feel any respect for the work of a modern poet, a Kālidāsa?"[1]
Dutavakya or the Envoy’s Message
Bhasa is one of the most renowned Sanskrit playwrights of ancient India. His plays, over two thousand years old, were basically based on the two great Indian epics- The Ramayana and The Mahabharata. But like a modern playwright Bhasa twisted and turned the plots and characters producing highly innovative and creative plays.
Dutavakya or the Envoy’s Message is one such spectacular play. The title in Sanskrit is derived from a compound word – dutya-vakya meaning the Envoy’s or Dutya’s vakya or word.
The play is based on the Udyagparva of the Mahabharata and is a verbal altercation between Lord Krishna and the debauch Duryodhana.
Dutavakya is a one act play. Bhasa creates a dramatic climax through the envoy of the Pandava Prince Yudhisthira. Lord Krishna is the envoy or the ambassador here. He has come as a messenger of peace. He tries to convince Duryodhana to give half of his kingdom to his cousins and make peace. The conversation that follows is presented in the play.
The changes brought in by Bhasa is the portrayal of Duryodhana as the emperor in place of his blind father –Dhristarashtra.
To have a picture scroll of Draupadi being brutally insulted by the Kauravas . This scroll is most lustfully being viewed by Duryodhana when Krishna enters.
To create human characters of all the weapons of Lord Krishna, Sudarshana being the primary one. He acts as the super ego of the play and the confidant of Krishna.
The Envoy is one of the most powerful plays of Bhasa and is repeatedly enacted in the theatres of India even today.
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