Question

The essence of democracy is universal adult franchise or decentralisation of power or policy of reservation of seats or judicial decision

Answer 1

All of these make up democracy.
But the main essence of democracy is UAF ( Universal Adult Franchise) because it allows the citizens to elect their leaders as well as UAF gives political equality to all citizens of the country.

Answer 2

The transfer of power from central and state governments to local governments is called decentralization of power.

It is favoured in any democracy as it has the following advantages :-

1) The local people have better views on how to manage money.

2) These people have better knowledge about their problems and solution to resolve them.

3) It develops a practice of regular decision making among the people.

4) All the matters at the local level are resolved among the people themselves.

Hope it helps...